Analysis of Agriculture and Food Supply Chain through Blockchain and IoT with Light Weight Cluster Head

Abstract

By 2050, the world’s population will have increased by 34%, to more than 9 billion people, needing a 70% increase in food production. Prepare more dishes with fewer ingredients. Therefore, the critical goal of manufacturers is to increase production while being ecologically benign. Supply chain systems that do not enable direct farmer-to-consumer connection and rising input costs influence data collection, security, and sharing. Constraints on data security, manipulation, and single-point failure are unfulfilled due to a lack of centralized IoT agricultural infrastructure. To address these issues, the article proposes a blockchain-based IoT model. This study also shows one-of-a-kind energy savings. The decentralization of data storage improves the supply chain’s transparency and quality through blockchain technology, thus farmers can engage more efficiently. Blockchain technology improves supply chain traceability and security. This article provides a transparent, decentralized blockchain tracking solution and proposes an intelligent model protocol for several Internet of Things (IoT) devices that monitor crop development and the agricultural environment. A new approach has resolved the bulk of the supply chain difficulties. Smart contracts were utilized to organize all transactions in decentralized supply networks. The use of blockchain technology improves transaction quality, and customers may verify the legitimacy of an item’s authenticity and legality by using the system. A total of 100 IoT nodes were distributed randomly to each 500 m2 cluster farm. The Internet of Things nodes were used to assess soil moisture, temperature, and crop disease. Network stability period and network life of the proposed method show 90.4% accuracy. The food supply chain will be more efficient and trustworthy with an intelligent model. The immutability of ledger technology and smart contract support further increases supply chain security, privacy, transparency, and trust among all stakeholders in the multi-party system. By 2050, the world’s population will need a 70% increase in food production. The food supply chain will be more efficient and trustworthy with an intelligent model. This article provides a transparent, decentralized, and intelligent model protocol for several Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Geospatial Analysis in Smart Irrigation and Crop Monitoring on IoT Platform

“…In poor visibility feld conditions, GPS helps farmers operate, for example, in mud, gravel, fog, and darkness. Te VRT technology permits the application of fertilizers, pesticides, calcium, rinsing water, drainage, and other agricultural inputs at varying rates around the feld without increasing the rate on machines manually or making multiple crossings [41,42].…”

A Framework for Blockchain and Internet of Things Integration in Improving Food Security in the Food Supply Chain

“…To support quality control, blockchain also allows retailers and customers to trace the origin and the route as the products travel from the point of origin to the store. There is a strong trend toward using blockchain technology in food and agricultural supply chains to improve information security, transparency, and verification of different criteria [14][15][16][17].…”

“…Although B-IoT offers many benefits to the food supply chain management, its effective implementation seems challenging for the numerous involved organizations. Several frameworks on integrating IoT with Blockchain for food supply have been proposed in existing works, however, the tradeoff of the integration, such as scalability, privacy and interoperability issues are not looked into and ideal implementation of consensus mechanism is assumed [8,15,16,35]. The architecture and planning of a B-IoT network for the food supply chain of diverse applications are very challenging which is why until recently, there have not been many works that have been able to demonstrate a fully functioning B-IoT integration in food supply chain.…”

Supply Chain Collaboration and Intention to Use Blockchain: Mediating Role of Perceived Usefulness

“…Effective collaboration makes stakeholders more likely to consider blockchain as a tool to help them accomplish their objectives. Blockchain technology also boosts supply chain openness, accountability, and trust (Adow et al, 2022). Blockchain technology prevents data tampering, reducing supply chain fraud and mistakes.…”