Analysis of agglomerate dispersion mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes during melt mixing in polycarbonate

Kasaliwal, Gaurav R.; Pegel, Sven; Göldel, Andreas; Pötschke, Petra; Heinrich, Gert

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.02.048

Cited by 212 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

156

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…17,37 However, the technique has not been adopted to quantify deagglomeration of MWCNTs in epoxy. In this study, we used the National Institute of Health's (NIH) Image J program to quantify the agglomerate number and size distribution in MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposties.…”

Section: Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kasaliwal et al describe the deagglomeration mechanisms of MWCNTs in polymer matrix as a function of mixing conditions and processing protocols. 37 The two modes of deagglomeration of MWCNT bundles are erosion and rupture. The rupture mode of dispersion becomes prominent when the large agglomerates are broken down to smaller aggregates in a short time period such as in the case of MF where the MWCNT/epoxy mixture is force-fed through a microchannel under very high pressure in a short time period (about 30 s).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Gupta

Sydlik

Schnorr

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several solvent-free processing methods to disperse multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in bisphenol F-based epoxy resin were investigated, including the use of a microfluidizer (MF), planetary shear mixer (PSM), ultrasonication (US) and combinations. The processed mixture was cured with diethyl toluene diamine. Three complimentary techniques were used to characterize the dispersion of the MWCNTs in cured composite samples: optical microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For sample MF þ PSM, optical micrographs and Raman images showed reduced agglomeration and a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix. SEM analysis of fractured specimen after tensile testing revealed breakage of nanotubes along the fracture surface of the composite. A comparison of the MWCNT dispersion in the epoxy samples processed using different methods showed that a combination of MF and PSM processing yields a more homogeneous sample than the PSM or US þ PSM processed samples. Mechanical testing of the composites showed about 15% improvement in the tensile strength of samples processed by the MF þ PSM method over other methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed a small decrease in the onset degradation temperature for poorly dispersed samples produced by PSM compared with the well-mixed samples (MF þ PSM). These results strongly suggest that the MF þ PSM processing method yield better-dispersed and stronger MWCNT/epoxy composites.

show abstract

Section: Optical Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Gupta

Sydlik

Schnorr

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kasaliwal et al [10,36] calculated and averaged on ten images for each sample. The macrodispersion index (D), considers the area occupied by filler divided by the total investigated area on a bitmap of the transmission optical microscopy image, and was calculated using the…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of the conductive paths in injection moulded MWNT/polycarbonate nanocomposites by conductive AFM

Kiss-Pataki

Tiusanen

Dobrik

et al. 2014

Composites Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrical conductivity of MWNT filled polymer composites can strongly depend on the dispersion of the filler. Injection moulding of the same nanotube filled conductive composite materials can lead to significant differences in conductivities while the corresponding morphological changes seem to be moderate. Here we report on a conductive atomic microscopy (C-AFM) study of a series of polycarbonate/MWNT settings injection moulded with different injection speeds and melt temperatures, completed with optical microscopy, SEM and TEM characterization. C-AFM was found to be able to visualize the significant differences in the morphology of electrical pathways in cross section. These morphological variations seem to correlate to the differing volume resistivity data and are in agreement with the expected structural effects of injection moulding processes with different parameters.

show abstract

“…The majority of recent studies examining the effect of operating conditions on dispersion focus on composites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polycarbonate [13,14], polylactic acid [15] and polycaprolactone [16] substrates. Organoclay/polypropylene composites are addressed in [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of operating conditions on the extent of additive mixing during thermoplastic polymer extrusion

Stratiychuk-Dear

Looney²,

Oliver³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Adequate dispersion of the additive in polymer composites is vital to their performance. Dispersion occurs via rupture, erosion and collision induced mechanisms. Organophosphorus salt/PET nanocomposites were manufactured on a co-rotating fully intermeshing pilot scale twin screw extruder to determine the impact of operating conditions on the mixing achieved in order to understand the level of control available over the process. The effect on key dispersion mechanisms is discussed. Dispersion was found to increase with decreasing throughput, increasing screw speed and increasing molecular weight of the polymer. Linear relationships between calculated parameters including specific mechanical energy, degree of fill and specific throughput were also observed. A need for a compromise between achieving the desired level of mixing and maintaining the molecular weight of the polymer is established.

show abstract

Analysis of agglomerate dispersion mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes during melt mixing in polycarbonate

Cited by 212 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Visualization of the conductive paths in injection moulded MWNT/polycarbonate nanocomposites by conductive AFM

Investigating the impact of operating conditions on the extent of additive mixing during thermoplastic polymer extrusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About