“…Several fractional studies of deterministic, stochastic and incommensurate models on COVID-19 illness were delved in the literature examining various fear factors, diagnosed, threatened, awareness of pathogen spread, vaccination schemes, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine inefficacy, treatment, isolation, exposure to the virulent environment, effective vaccination with self-precautions, vaccine breakthrough infections, symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers and mutant strains, and so on. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] COVID-19-related coinfections were studied with other superinfections namely hepatitis-B, 43 Tuberculosis, 44 and diabetes mellitus. 45 Optimal control modeling analysis were very effective in epidemical studies implementing effective control measures for disease annihilation found in References 46-50.…”