Analysis of Adulterated Silicone: Implications for Health Promotion

Wallace, Phyllis M.; Rasmussen, Sandra

doi:10.1080/15532739.2010.514222

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Because transgender friends and peers play an important role in encouraging and often delivering feminization procedures, interventions should follow a peer-health educator approach to train members of the transgender community (Wallace & Rasmussen, 2010). These interventions could address information concerning the dangers of self-administered treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Colombia as elsewhere, injection of silicone or other fillers is seen as desirable because it creates an immediate contouring effect (Wallace, 2007). The self-administration of industrial-grade silicone, however, can cause body disfigurement, skin damage, fever, cough, apnea, allergic reactions, respiratory emergencies, and severe autoimmune and connective tissue disorders (Garcia Becerra, 2009; Wallace & Rasmussen, 2010; Wallace, 2007). Studies suggest that transgender individuals tend to be uninformed about the longer term and life-threatening effects of such treatments (Pitts, Couch, Mulcare, Croy, & Mitchell, 2009; Winter & Doussantousse, 2009).…”

Section: Body Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Affirmation and Body Modification Among Transgender Persons in Bogotá, Colombia

Aguayo‐Romero¹,

Reisen²,

Zea³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Transgenderism

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This paper examined structural, social, and personal characteristics that shape the processes of gender affirmation and body modification among transgender persons (assigned male at birth) in Bogotá, Colombia. Qualitative data from life-history interviews (N=14) and a focus group (N=11) explored research questions concerning the ways in which the internal psychological and external contextual processes influence individuals' decisions and behaviors concerning hormonal treatment, injections, or surgery. Research questions concerning practices and consequences of treatment performed without medical supervision were addressed through qualitative data, as well as quantitative data from 58 transgender participants. Findings indicated variation in ways participants conceptualized gender (e.g., binary or fluid), but an increased feminine presentation was a strong personal desire expressed by many and often encouraged by romantic partners and transgender friends. Transgender individuals within participants' social networks were frequently instrumental not only in providing information about hormones and contouring injections, but also in carrying out procedures—sometimes with negative consequences. Body modification procedures occurred primarily outside the health care system, due to limited access to or awareness of medical care, societal stigma, social norms within the transgender community, and personal decision-making. Public health approaches to protect the health of transgender persons undergoing body modification were suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Affirmation and Body Modification Among Transgender Persons in Bogotá, Colombia

Aguayo‐Romero¹,

Reisen²,

Zea³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Transgenderism

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“…Meyer et al [17] found that duration of hormonal therapy influences final breast size. Some authors suggest that depending on the age of trans women, other effects are to be expected and that breast growth in young trans women may be more pronounced compared with older women [25]. Additionally, individual breast tissue sensitivity and body weight are suggested as important determinants of breast size in trans women [15,[32][33][34], although to our knowledge, these hypotheses are only experience based.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Review: Breast Development in Trans Women Receiving Cross-Sex Hormones

Wierckx

Gooren²,

T’Sjoen

2014

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction In trans women (male-to-female transsexual persons), cross-sex hormone therapy is administered to induce feminization. Breast development is an important part of feminization for most trans women. Aim The aim of this study is to assess the effect of cross-sex hormone therapy on breast development in adult trans women. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the benefit or harm of administration of progestogens on breast development. Methods A review of the literature in Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO databases, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge until January 2014. Main Outcome Measures Effects of cross-sex hormone therapy and progestogens on breast development in trans women. Results Only few studies with low quality of evidence addressed these topics. The available evidence suggests that breast development is insufficient for the majority of trans women and that type and dosage of hormonal therapy seem not to have an important role on final breast size. Conclusions Our knowledge concerning the natural history and effects of different cross-sex hormone therapies on breast development in trans women is extremely sparse and based on low quality of evidence. Current evidence does not provide evidence that progestogens enhance breast development in trans women. Neither do they prove the absence of such an effect. This prevents us from drawing any firm conclusion at this moment and demonstrates the need for further research to clarify these important clinical questions.

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“…Data from transgender-specific studies consisting primarily of transwomen (rather than transmen) demonstrated that the percentage who met the diagnostic criterion for substance abuse or dependence was high and varied between 11.2% and 16.3% (95% CI) [3], a significantly higher rate than found in the United States non-transgender populace [16]. Unsafe needle protocols during injection drug use (and/or hormone misuse, an avenue of HIV risk specific to transgender persons) represent additional substance use-related HIV risk factors in this population [12, 17]. Additionally, substance use during sex or sex work may increase risk for HIV infection in transwomen by decreasing consistent condom use [9, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevalence, Substance Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women Recruited Through Outreach

2013

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Transgender women (“transwomen”) face a disproportionate HIV disease burden; the odds of being HIV-positive are estimated to be 34.2 times higher for transwomen than the United States adult population. From January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2011, HIV prevention outreach encounters were conducted with 2,136 unique transwomen on the streets and at high-risk venues in Los Angeles County. The outreach encounters were comprised of a low-intensity health education and risk reduction intervention, which included referrals to needed services. The goal of the encounters was to assess the participant's level of substance use and sexual risk behaviors to provide appropriate risk reduction strategies and supplies. The sample evidenced high rates of recent alcohol (57.7%), marijuana (25.6%), and methamphetamine (21.5%) use, lifetime injection drug or illegal hormone use (66.3%), and recent engagement in sex work (73.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that recent methamphetamine (AOR=2.09; p<.001) and/or crack cocaine (AOR=2.19; p=0.010) use, injection drug/hormone use (AOR=1.65; p≤0.001), unprotected anal intercourse during sex work (AOR=2.24; p=0.029), and any non-Hispanic minority racial status were all associated with increased odds of reporting a HIV-positive status. The transwomen encountered via outreach exhibited many risk co-factors for HIV infection and transmission.

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Analysis of Adulterated Silicone: Implications for Health Promotion

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Gender Affirmation and Body Modification Among Transgender Persons in Bogotá, Colombia

Gender Affirmation and Body Modification Among Transgender Persons in Bogotá, Colombia

Clinical Review: Breast Development in Trans Women Receiving Cross-Sex Hormones

HIV Prevalence, Substance Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women Recruited Through Outreach

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