Analysis of accumulation of volatile organic compounds in plants of Hyssopus officinalis L., introduced in mountain conditions

Abstract

Introduction. Cultivation of medicinal plants in the mountains has its own characteristics due to the high ultraviolet radiation and sharp climatic fluctuations, which is important to consider when farming. In this regard, the issue of studying the accumulation of volatile organic compounds of Hyssopus officinalis L. introduced in these conditions becomes relevant. Aim. Analysis of the dependence of the content of volatile organic compounds in essential oils of 6 cultivars of Hyssopus officinalis L. ("Akkord", "Ametist", "Goluboy", "Dachnyi lekar", "Otradny", "Rozovy") and three forms of the variety "Rozovy": with white, pink and blue flowers introduced at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level in order to determine the most valuable of them for effective cultivation in mountain areas. Research methods. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The composition of volatile organic compounds was determined by chromatic-mass spectrometry on a Shimadzu GCMS-GP2010 Plus spectrometer with a mass spectrometric quadruple detector with an SLB-5 ms non polar capillary column, 30 meters long. Results. The content of essential oil in varieties ranges from 0.37 to 0.75%. Variety "Ametist" is characterized by a relatively high content of essential oil. Plants with pink flowers contain more essential oil than plants with blue and white flowers. The essential oil of the varieties contains from 31 to 37 components, while the number of major components varies between 13 and 17 compounds. A comparative study of plants of different colors according to the nature of biosynthesis in the essential oil of Pinocamphone and trans-Pinocamphone shows the following: in the essential oil of plants with white flowers, the content of Pinocamphone is observed up to 44.99%, in the blue-flowered form up to 20.85%, and in plants with pink flowers up to 45.23%. A somewhat different picture is observed in the biosynthesis of trans-Pinocamphone: the maximum proportion of this component falls on the sample with blue flowers (34.61%), significantly less in the sample with pink flowers (up to 4.43%), while white-flowered plants have none. The article presents a cluster analysis of 6 cultivars and 3 forms of the "Rozovy" variety (with white, blue and pink flowers) of Hyssopus officinalis L. according to the accumulation of volatile organic compounds. Varieties differ in the content of individual components, while β-Pinene, Pinocamphone and trans-Pinocamphone are the main plant compounds. Conclusions. As a result of the introduction of 6 cultivars of Hyssopus officinalis L. ("Akkord", "Ametist", "Goluboy", "Dachnyi lekar", "Otradny", "Rozovy") and 3 forms of the variety "Rozovy": with white, with pink and with blue flowers at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level in identical soil-climatic mountain conditions, differences were revealed both in the accumulation of essential oils and in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The data obtained can be used in laying out areas for the cultivation of Hyssopus officinalis L. for pharmaceutical and food use, which can give an additional impetus to the development of mountainous areas.

The Genus Hyssopus: Traditional Use, Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Properties

“…Many publications are devoted to the study of the species H. officinalis L. growing in European, Asian and African countries. The component composition and quantitative content of various constituents in essential oils may vary depending on soil, climatic and genetic factors [ 12 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]; however, the main ketones that are characteristic of this species are pinocamphone 1 and cis-pinocamphone 2 (their relative content varies ranging from 2.94 to 63.55%; these components are in dynamic equilibrium), α-pinene 3 and β-pinene 4 , sabinene 5 , myrcene 6 , phellandrene 7 , linalool 8 , myrtenol 9 , elemol 10 and germacrene-D 11 ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…Chromato-mass-spectral analysis of the content of volatile organic compounds in plants of the same variety, but differing in flower color, revealed features in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The studies have shown that, in the white-flowered plants, the content of pinocamphone 1 was up to 44.99%, in the blue-flowered plants it was up to 20.85% and in the pink-flowered plants it was up to 45.23% [ 37 ].…”

Circular Mining Wastes Management for Sustainable Production of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze

“…The hydroseeding of Leguminosae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae is effectively used on the landscapes to reclaim sites and reduce soil erosion in the post-mining period [20]. The increase in the related environmental problems [21][22][23] actualizes not only the need to develop a green mining strategy [24], green technologies for mineral enrichment [25], involving other sustainable technologies [26] but also a transition to a sustainable use of mineral resources based on circular economy models [27][28][29]. A circular economy implies the closure of resource flows without forming associated wastes [30][31][32].…”