Analysis of a Model for Excitation of Myelinated Nerve

McNeal, Donald R.

doi:10.1109/tbme.1976.324593

Cited by 738 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Generally, the membrane resistance is variable and includes the kinetics of ion channels underlying the generation of an action potential. McNeal 25 and Coburn 26,27 implemented the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations, based on the membrane kinetics of amphibian myelinated nerve, and Struijk et al 18,19 used the Chiu equations, derived from measurements on rabbit myelinated nerve. In both models excitation results from a large, transient increase of the Na + permeability.…”

Section: Nerve ®Bre Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nodal membrane potentials are calculated according to McNeal. 25 The second-order di erence of (nodal) ®eld potentials, thè activating function', 28 gives a qualitative indication of the e ect on the corresponding nodal membrane potentials. The highest and lowest (negative) values correspond to the largest nodal depolarization and hyperpolarization, respectively.…”

Section: Nerve ®Bre Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer modelling of spinal cord stimulation and its contribution to therapeutic efficacy

1998

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An overview of computer models developed since the late seventies, which enable the simulation of the primary e ects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on nerve ®bres, is presented. These models consist of a 3-dimensional volume conductor model, representing anatomical structures and their electrical conductivities, and cable models representing the electrical behaviour of nerve ®bres. The characteristics of these models and their relation to anatomy and physiology, as well as the calculation of stimulation-induced electrical ®elds and their e ect on nerve ®bre models, are reviewed. It is shown that most characteristics of SCS as predicted by computer modelling correspond well with empirical data. Accordingly, a theoretical framework describing the relations between relevant parameters in SCS is presented. Finally, it is shown how theory and computer modeling are applied to improve the e cacy of SCS by the optimization of its technique, primarily by the design of new epidural electrodes.

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Section: Nerve ®Bre Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nerve ®Bre Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer modelling of spinal cord stimulation and its contribution to therapeutic efficacy

1998

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“…The resulting potentials at the locations of nodes of Ranvier are then used as input to a simple nerve circuit model [4,9,13,15,23,[35][36][37]. This provides estimates of the sub-threshold depolarisation voltages at the nodes of Ranvier, which are used to predict which axons are The circuit model used for fibre segmentation [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By stimulating large afferents within the dorsal column (DC), the transmission of noxious information (viz., pain signals) through the spinal cord to the brain can be attenuated, as demonstrated by Shealy et al [33]. This has motivated a substantial body of work aimed at understanding neural modulation by external electrical stimuli [23,28,29,41] based on electrophysiological models of signal transmission in myelinated and nonmyelinated axons [4,9,13,23] in combination with numerical simulation of the electrical potential distribution in the spinal canal [3,30,31,38]. Struijk, Holsheimer et al developed a three-dimensional volumeconductor model of ESCS and used it to investigate how the stimulation of DC fibres threshold varied with several different factors, including the configuration of stimulating electrodes [38], and anatomic parameters of the nerve fibres [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spinal cord stimulation profiles from intra- and extradural electrode arrangements by finite element modelling

Huang

Oya

Flouty

et al. 2014

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) currently relies on extradural electrode arrays that are separated from the spinal cord surface by a highly conducting layer of cerebrospinal fluid. It has recently been suggested that intradural placement of the electrodes in direct contact with the pial surface could greatly enhance the specificity and efficiency of stimulation. The present computational study aims at quantifying and comparing the electrical current distributions as well as the spatial recruitment profiles resulting from extraand intra-dural electrode arrangements. The electrical potential distribution is calculated using a 3D finite element model of the human thoracic spinal canal. The likely recruitment areas are then obtained by using the potential as input to an equivalent circuit model of the pre-threshold axonal response. The results show that the current threshold to recruitment of axons in the dorsal column is more than an order of magnitude smaller for intradural than extradural stimulation. Intradural placement of the electrodes also leads to much higher contrast between the stimulation thresholds for the dorsal root entry zone and the dorsal column, allowing better focusing of the stimulus.

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“…This modeling approach is similar to the circuits used by Bean [13], Sweeney et al [14] and McNeal [20] ( Table 1). There are several assumptions inherent to this modeling approach.…”

Section: Appendix a Myelinated Axon Equivalent Circuit Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of stimulus current pulse width on nerve fiber size recruitment patterns

Szlavik

Bruin

1999

Medical Engineering & Physics

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There have been theoretical studies presented that postulate a change in the stimulus current amplitude required to recruit nerve fibers with different stimulus current pulse widths. Based on these theoretical predictions, it has been suggested that the stimulus pulse width parameter may be used to selectively recruit fibers of different sizes and that this selectivity should increase with increasing distance from the stimulus electrode. In this paper, a simulation study of the recruitment patterns of a population of motor nerve fibers with a histologically accurate fiber diameter distribution is presented. Nerve fiber excitation simulations coupled with a time varying field simulation suggest that, for surface stimulation, there is only a marginal selectivity achievable in the average nerve fiber diameter that is recruited across the range of commonly used stimulus pulse widths but this selectivity also increases with increased electrode distance. Experimental evidence consisting of estimates of nerve fiber diameter based on motor unit latency studies is also presented that is consistent with the predictions made by the electromagnetic field and nerve fiber excitation simulations.

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Analysis of a Model for Excitation of Myelinated Nerve

Cited by 738 publications

References 26 publications

Computer modelling of spinal cord stimulation and its contribution to therapeutic efficacy

Computer modelling of spinal cord stimulation and its contribution to therapeutic efficacy

Comparison of spinal cord stimulation profiles from intra- and extradural electrode arrangements by finite element modelling

The effect of stimulus current pulse width on nerve fiber size recruitment patterns

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