Analysis of 29 per- and polyfluorinated compounds in water, sediment, soil and sludge by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Boiteux, Virginie; Bach, Cristina; Sagres, Véronique; Hémard, Jessica; Colin, Adeline; Rosin, Christophe; Munoz, Jean-François; Dauchy, Xavier

doi:10.1080/03067319.2016.1196683

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The detailed protocol of the PFASs analysis has been recently published [46]. Briefly, non-filtered water samples were diluted prior to extraction, purification and pre-concentration by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure (Strata X-AW ® (200 mg, 6 mL) cartridge (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA)).…”

Section: 3analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient electrochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from the effluents of an industrial wastewater treatment plant

Gómez-Ruiz

Gómez-Lavín

Diban

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

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126

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This paper reports the electrochemical treatment of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the effluent from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). While most of the previous research focused on the electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in model solutions, this work studies the simultaneous removal of 8 PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations in real industrial emissions, which also contained organic matter and inorganic anions. The overall PFASs content in the WWTP effluent was 1652 µg/L, which emphasized the need to develop innovative technologies for the management of PFASs emissions. 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA) were the major contributors (92% w/w) to the overall PFASs content, that also contained significant amounts of short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Using a boron doped diamond (BDD) anode of 0.0070 m 2 , the effluent (2 L) was treated by applying a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 for 10 hours, that resulted in 99.7% PFASs removal. The operation at lower current densities (5 and 10 mA/cm 2 ) evidenced the initial degradation of 6:2 fluorotelomers into perfluoroheptanoic and perfluorohexanoic acids, that were later degraded into shorter chain PFCAs. The high TOC removal, >90%, and the fluoride release revealed that PFASs mineralization was effective. These results highlight the potential of the electrochemical technology for the treatment of PFASs contained in industrial wastewaters, which nowadays stands as the main source of this group of persistent pollutants into the environment.

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Section: 3analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient electrochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from the effluents of an industrial wastewater treatment plant

Gómez-Ruiz

Gómez-Lavín

Diban

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Journal

Self Cite

126

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“…In all cases, recovery repeatability was lower than 20%, meeting the rate recommended in the SANCO guidelines. More details on the validation, precision, and accuracy of the analytical methods have been previously reported Boiteux et al 2016).…”

Section: Quality Control and Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details on sample treatments have been previously reported by our research group Boiteux et al 2016). Briefly, water samples were extracted on a Strata X-AW® (200 mg, 6 mL) cartridge (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA) for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, whereas they were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) on a 50/30 μm DBV/CAR/PDMS Stable Flex fiber (Supelco via Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) for gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS n ) analysis.…”

Section: Sample Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment samples were previously lyophilized and then ground to obtain a homogeneous sample. For LC-MS/MS, an aliquot was extracted according to a previously described method (Higgins and Luthy 2006) with slight modifications as detailed in Boiteux et al (2016). For GC-MS n analysis, approximately 0.5 g of sediment was placed in a 20-mL SPME vial and 10 mL of pure water was added before HS-SPME extraction ).…”

Section: Sample Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analytical method used for each PFAS is given in Table S1 and detailed protocols have been published Boiteux et al 2016). Briefly, for LC-MS/MS, PFASs were separated using a Waters Acquity UPLC® liquid chromatograph interfaced with a Waters Xevo TQ-MS tandem mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA).…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms and Gc-ms N Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Bach¹,

Boiteux²,

Colin³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants that have been detected in the environment, biota, and humans. Drinking water is a route of exposure for populations consuming water contaminated by PFAS discharges. This research study reports environmental measurement concentrations, mass flows, and the fate of dozens of PFASs in a river receiving effluents from two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities. In addition to quantified levels of PFASs using LC-and GC-MS analytical methods, the total amount of unidentified PFASs and precursors was assessed using two complementary analytical methods, absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) determination and oxidative conversion of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) precursors. Several dozen samples were collected in the river (water and sediment) during four sampling campaigns. In addition, samples were collected in two well fields and from the outlet of the drinking water treatment plants after chlorination. We estimated that 4295 kg PFHxA, 1487 kg 6:2FTSA, 965 kg PFNA, 307 kg PFUnDA, and 14 kg PFOA were discharged in the river by the two facilities in 2013. High concentrations (up to 176 ng/g dw) of odd long-chain PFASs (PFUnDA and PFTrDA) were found in sediment samples. PFASs were detected in all 15 wells, with concentrations varying based on the location of the well in the field. Additionally, the presence of previously discharged PFASs was still measurable. Significant discrepancies between PFAS concentration profiles in the wells and in the river suggest an accumulation and transformation of PFCA precursors in the aquifer. Chlorination had no removal efficiency and no unidentified PFASs were detected in the treated water with either complementary analytical method. Although the total PFAS concentrations were high in the treated water, ranging from 86 to 169 ng/L, they did not exceed the currently available guideline values.

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Is it raining PFAS in France? An analysis of 52 PFAS at nanogram per liter levels in French rainwaters during autumn season

Berthou,

Gérard,

Pélingre

et al. 2023

J of Env Quality

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of increasing concern due to their pervasive nature, high persistence and their impacts on human health and the environment. Many studies have attempted to assess the presence of PFAS along the water cycle, but few have analyzed rainwater PFAS content and its contribution to water contamination. The present study aims to improve the knowledge by providing the first analysis of PFAS rainwater samples from France (Europe). A total of 52 PFAS were analyzed at ng/L levels in rainwater samples collected in 14 locations in France using a cutting‐edge LC/MS/MS method for multiresidue determination. Depending on the quantity of rainwater collected, the PFAS concentrations were analyzed either by direct injection or after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), allowing to quantify 20 PFAS with a limit of quantification (LOQ) ≤ 100 ng/L and 52 PFAS with a LOQ ≤ 1 ng/L, respectively. For the 5 locations for which the collected samples were analyzed by direct injection, no PFAS could be detected (i.e. their concentrations in the samples were below the LOQs of the method). The samples from 4 locations out of the 9 analyzed by SPE‐LC/MS/MS show results above the method's LOQs for up to 10 PFAS. Among the quantified PFAS, three compounds (PFNA, PFUnA and PFHxA) have been found to be of most significance. These results bring out the presence of PFAS in rainwater samples in France, highlighting the need for PFAS environmental surveillance and risk assessment and the necessity of continuous improvement of existing analysis methods.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Analysis of 29 per- and polyfluorinated compounds in water, sediment, soil and sludge by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 69 publications

References 48 publications

Efficient electrochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from the effluents of an industrial wastewater treatment plant

Efficient electrochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from the effluents of an industrial wastewater treatment plant

The impact of two fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities on downstream contamination of a river and drinking water resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Is it raining PFAS in France? An analysis of 52 PFAS at nanogram per liter levels in French rainwaters during autumn season

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