Analysis of 23 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural water at the sub-ng/l level using solid-phase disk extraction and mass-selective detection

Michor, Gary; Carron, John; Bruce, Shelley; Cancilla, Devon A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)01252-4

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the PAH levels in the present study were much higher than those in the Pearl River Estuary , the Niagara River (Michor et al, 1996), the Danube River (Maldonado et al, 1999), the lower reach of the Mississippi River (Mitra and Bianchi, 2003), and the lower Brisbane River (Shaw et al, 2004). For the freely dissolved concentrations of P 16 PAHs, the levels in this study were much higher than those in the Danube River (Vrana et al, 2014) and the Seine River (Bourgeault and Gourlay-Francé, 2013), but were comparable to the levels in the Morava River (Prokeš et al, 2012), and were lower than the levels in the Willamette River (USA) (Sower and Anderson, 2008).…”

Section: Comparison With Other Riverscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Effect of water–sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the concentrations, bioavailability, and fluxes of PAHs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

Dong

Xia

Wang³

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrology

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Keywords:Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Suspended sediment (SPS) Dams Water conservation project Water quality s u m m a r yThe water-sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir is conducted to control the relationship between riverine runoff and sediment transport of the Yellow River; however, there is no research about the effect of water-sediment regulation on the bioavailability and fluxes of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). In this study, water and suspended sediment (SPS) samples were collected downstream of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir before, during, and after the water-sediment regulation in 2013. The 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of freely dissolved, total dissolved, and SPS-associated were determined. During water regulation, water discharged from the reservoir at a high flow rate led to the resuspension of downstream sediment. During sediment regulation, the sediment ejected from the reservoir resulted in higher SPS concentrations than that during water regulation. Both the freely and total dissolved PAH concentrations in river water during sediment regulation were the highest, followed by the concentrations during water regulation and before regulation. The freely dissolved PAH concentrations in river water during the water-sediment regulation were 2-11 times higher than those before water-sediment regulation. This was due to the fact that the resuspended sediment during water-sediment regulation could release PAHs into water phase, and more contaminants were released from the SPS during sediment regulation than during water regulation. The fluxes of sediment and the 16 priority PAHs (R 16 PAHs) during water-sediment regulation contributed to 32.4% and 35.7% of their annual fluxes, respectively, which were higher than the contribution (22.6%) of water discharge. This study suggested that the water-sediment regulation might reduce the long-term retention of sediment and PAHs in the reservoir. However, the environmental risk of PAHs as well as other contaminants downstream of the reservoir and in the estuary might increase during that period. Therefore, the effect of water-sediment regulation on the bioavailability and environmental risk of HOCs should be considered in the operation and management of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the future.

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Section: Comparison With Other Riverscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Effect of water–sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the concentrations, bioavailability, and fluxes of PAHs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

Dong

Xia

Wang³

et al. 2015

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Immunoassay data indicated that there were no detectable levels of phenanthrene in the unspiked input lake waters. The most likely reason for this is the immunoassay kit sensitivity level is 5 ppb and the highest reported level for phenanthrene within the Ž Lakes Ontario and Erie basins is 77 ppt Michor et al, . 1996 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicant and parasite challenge of Manz intermittent slow sand filter

Palmateer¹,

Manz²,

Jurkovic

et al. 1999

Environ. Toxicol.

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Safe potable water is a luxury that is generally unavailable to the majority of rural and suburban populations of developing, underdeveloped, and often developed countries. Important considerations in the development and maintenance of safe water supplies is the availability and use of efficient, inexpensive, and appropriate technology for removing microbial hazards, parasites, and toxicants. The Manz intermittent slow sand filter was known to be user friendly, small enough to fit into the smallest kitchen, and could remove up to 97% of the fecal coliforms present in the raw water before treatment by the Manz filter. This filter was evaluated for its ability to remove parasitic cysts and toxicants as well as bacteria. Using two different filters and two different water supplies our results indicated that the intermittent slow sand filter could remove 83+% total heterotrophic bacterial populations, 100% of Giardia cysts, 99.98% of Cryptosporidium oocysts, and 50–90% of organic and inorganic toxicants when administered in concentrations varying from 10–>100× environmental pollution levels. Methodology details are provided in the paper. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 14: 217–225, 1999

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“…10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Limites de detecção (LD) equivalentes foram relatados para métodos de SPE, SBSE acoplada à adsorção térmica (TD) em sistema GC-MS, MASE acoplada ao grande volume de injeção (LVI) em vaporizador com temperatura programada (PTV). 20,25,26 Métodos convencionais como a extração líquido-líquido (LLE) e a extração em fase sólida (SPE) requerem o uso de solventes orgânicos e envolvem muitas vezes operações demoradas, complicadas e de elevado custo.…”

Section: -14unclassified

Métodos para análises de HPA e BTEX em águas subterrâneas de postos de revenda de combustíveis: um estudo de caso em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

Gebara¹,

Ré-Poppi²,

Nascimento³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 11/9/12; aceito em 5/3/13; publicado na web em 6/5/13 METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF PAH AND BTEX IN GROUNDWATER FROM GAS STATIONS: A CASE STUDY IN CAMPO GRANDE, MS, BRAZIL. Two methods using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and BTEX. Best results were obtained using DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, with 10 min extraction at 25 °C and 0.15 min desorption at 260 °C (BTEX), and PDMS/DVB fiber, with 60 min extraction at 90 °C, 10% NaCl and 5 min desorption at 270 °C (PAH). LOD intervals were 3x10 -2 -5x10 -2 µg L -1 (BTEX) and 1.6x10 -3 -1.4 µg L -1 (PAH). The methods were applied to forty-five groundwater samples from monitoring wells of gas stations and only benzene level exceeded the limit established by Brazilian regulations.Keywords: groundwater; aromatic hydrocarbons; HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. INTRODUÇÃONo Brasil existem 38.491 postos revendedores de combustíveis automotivos sujeitos ao monitoramento segundo dados de julho de 2012 da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP).1 Com uma média de quatro tanques por posto, estima-se 154.000 tanques subterrâneos em todo o território brasileiro. Muitos destes tanques foram instalados no início da década de 70, e como possuem média de vida útil de 25 anos, supõe-se que eles já estejam comprometidos.2 Considera-se que toda instalação e sistemas de armazenamento de derivados de petróleo e outros combustíveis configuram-se como empreendimentos potencialmente poluidores e geradores de acidentes ambientais, e segundo Resolução CONAMA nº 273/2000 devem passar por todas as etapas do Licenciamento Ambiental.3 Uma das etapas é a análise química da água subterrânea dos postos de combustíveis para determinar as concentrações de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) e de benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX), a fim de verificar contaminações por gasolina, diesel e óleo lubrificante. 4 Órgão como o CONAMA dispõe sobre a classificação e diretrizes ambientais para o enquadramento das águas subterrâneas, bem como os valores máximos permitidos em água para o consumo humano (VMP) para substâncias como os HPA e BTEX. O município de Campo Grande, MS, não dispõe de um programa bem estruturado de monitoramento da qualidade das águas subterrâ-neas em postos de revenda de combustíveis automotores, e por isso torna-se de extrema relevância a determinação destas substâncias nestes locais.A técnica mais utilizada para determinação de BTEX e HPA em água é a cromatografia a gás, no entanto esta necessita de uma etapa de extração e pré-concentração destes analitos para que sejam alcançados os baixos limites de determinação exigidos e para eliminar os constituintes que possam danificar o sistema cromatográfico. Diversas técnicas de extração e pré-concentração de BTEX têm sido reportadas na literatura, como a extração headspace (HS), purga e trapeamento (purge and trap), microextração em gota única (single drop microextration: SDME), microextração em...

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Analysis of 23 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural water at the sub-ng/l level using solid-phase disk extraction and mass-selective detection

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of water–sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the concentrations, bioavailability, and fluxes of PAHs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

Effect of water–sediment regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the concentrations, bioavailability, and fluxes of PAHs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

Toxicant and parasite challenge of Manz intermittent slow sand filter

Métodos para análises de HPA e BTEX em águas subterrâneas de postos de revenda de combustíveis: um estudo de caso em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

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