Analysis, occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in African water resources: A current status

Madikizela, Lawrence Mzukisi; Ncube, Somandla; Chimuka, Luke

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109741

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Some treatment methods are, however, more efficient and effective in removing pharmaceuticals compounds of interest, compared to another. This might be as a result of the physicochemical properties, the hydrophobicity, and biodegradability of target pharmaceuticals and process operating parameters in the WWTPs [ 102 ]. For instance, Berset et al [ 103 ] reported that using the conventional methods involving dioxychlorination and sand filtration processes, cocaine and benzoylecgonine were poorly removed, while they were removed entirely when ozonation process was used.…”

Section: Water Treatment and Removal Efficiency Of Ppcps In Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

2020

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The presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products in many aqueous matrices have been reported. One of such matrix is streams of wastewater, including wastewater treatment plants inflows and outflows and wastewater flow by-passing wastewater treatment plants. Their persistence arises from their resistant to breakdown, hence they may remain in the environment over long time, with a potential to cause adverse effects including endocrine disruption, gene toxicity, the imposition of sex organs, antibiotic resistance and many others in some aquatic organisms exposed to arrays of residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Among the treatment techniques, advanced oxidation processes have been reported to be a better technique through which these PPCPs can be degraded in the WWTPs. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using various photocatalyst immobilized on solid support such as activated carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes in AOPs have been shown to be a viable and efficient method of PPCPs degradation. This is because, the performance of most WWTPs is limited since they were not designed to degrade toxic and recalcitrant PPCPs. This review highlight the occurrence, concentration of PPCPs in wastewater and the removal efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis of TiO2 immobilized on solid supports.

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Section: Water Treatment and Removal Efficiency Of Ppcps In Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

2020

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“…Also, carbamazepine presence could be due to its continuous release into the environment since it administered for a long time or even for life to the patients. Diclofenac was below detection limits in most of the samples, even though it has been reported to be one of the most commonly detected NSAIDs in the South African aquatic environment (Fekadu et al, 2019;Madikizela et al, 2020). Its low detection could be due to it being photochemically active; hence it might have degraded (Patrolecco et al, 2013).…”

Section: Concentrations Obtained In Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Its concentrations ranged from 340 to 33 900 ng/L, with the highest concentration being for Mgeni River. The higher concentrations of ibuprofen could be because it is widely used as an antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent in South Africa and worldwide (Bessone, 2010;Fekadu et al, 2019;Madikizela et al, 2020). Carbamazepine was less frequently detected (30%), with the concentration ranging from 0.17 to 0.83 µg/L, which could be due to its low water solubility.…”

Section: Concentrations Obtained In River Water Samples Collected Durmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that WWTPs partially remove pharmaceuticals with percentages ranging from negative removal up to 99% (Li et al, 2014;K' oreje et al, 2016;Madikizela et al, 2017;Gruchlik et al 2018;Mosla et al, 2018;Mtolo et al, 2019). Also, due to the illegal dumping of unused and expired drugs, pharmaceutical compounds can make their way into the environment (Larivière et al, 2016;Madikizela et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to limited analytical facilities available; also there is a lack of suitable and sensitive methods that can be used to effectively analyse these organic pollutants (Agunbiade and Moodley, 2016). However, there has been some progress made in the past 3 years on the environmental monitoring and assessment of pharmaceuticals in African countries, and the number of published papers and review articles has steadily increased (including Madikizela et al, 2018;Mbhele et al, 2018;Mosla et al, 2018;Sibeko et al, 2019;Branchet et al, 2019;Mlunguza et al, 2019;Fekadu et al, 2019;Madikizela et al, 2020;K' oreje et al, 2020). A review on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater aquatic environments in the African and European continents indicated that ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen and diclofenac were amongst the top 10 frequently detected and quantified compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

Hlengwa

Mahlambi

2020

WSA

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The occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment has been a growing concern. However, there is little information on the concentration levels of pharmaceuticals in African countries. This indicates the need and the importance to develop sensitive methods that can detect these compounds at trace levels (ng/L–µg/L). This work reports on the development of solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–photo diode array (SPE-LC-PDA) analysis. The method was then applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds (ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine and diclofenac) in river and wastewater samples. The SPE recoveries obtained at 10 000 ng/L spike concentration ranged from 89–120% in distilled water, 79–110% in river water and 78-94% in wastewater. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 10.9–20.4 ng/L and 36.2–60.7 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals obtained in river water samples ranged from 60 to 32 900 ng/L; in wastewater they ranged from 70 to 66 900 ng/L. Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals were detected in winter compared to the spring season.

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Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Environments: Sources and Impact Assessment

Dey,

Devi,

Kumar

2023

Metal Organic Frameworks for Wastewater Contaminant Removal

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Analysis, occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in African water resources: A current status

Cited by 102 publications

References 69 publications

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Environments: Sources and Impact Assessment

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