Analysis Methods of Carotenoids

Kopec, Rachel; Cooperstone, Jessica L.; Cichon, Morgan J.; Schwartz, Steven J.

doi:10.1002/9781118229378.ch4

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Briefly, 1 g of bread (crumb or crust) underwent a 5-min ethanol precipitation (6 ml of ethanol containing 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in an 85°C-water bath before being subjected to a 10-min saponification with 120 μl of 80% w/v KOH in water. Bread contains significant amounts of fat from shortening; therefore, saponification is necessary to hydrolyze the fatty acid esters of carotenoids, which eases extraction (Kopec, Cooperstone, Cichon and Schwartz, 2012). All samples were vortexed once during saponification.…”

Section: Carotenoid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree composite bread

Wanjuu

Abong

Mbogo

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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Value addition of orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) increases diversified utilization of this crop, which is rich in provitamin A carotenoids. OFSP bread, in which 30%–45% of wheat flour is replaced with OFSP puree, has been successfully commercialized in Kenya. However, the effect of this substitution on the bread's physiochemical properties and its shelf‐life are currently unknown. This study was designed to determine the physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of OFSP puree‐wheat flour composite bread (30% puree), compared to standard, 100% wheat flour, bread. Freshly baked bread samples were stored at 7, 20, 25, and 30°C, and monitored for moisture content, water activity, color, texture, volume, carotenoids, and microbial load. The moisture content, β‐carotene content, and color of bread significantly decreased with increase in storage temperature and time (p < 0.05). Bread made with OFSP puree had a longer shelf‐life, showing spoilage on day six compared with the white bread, which spoiled on the fourth day. This is attributed to the significantly higher water activity in white bread than in the OFSP bread. The substitution of wheat with OFSP puree resulted in reduced extensibility of gluten, thus, specific volume of white bread was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in OFSP puree bread. Refrigeration increased crumb firmness, chewiness and cohesiveness in both types of bread. In conclusion, OFSP puree increases the water binding capacity of the bread, which reduces water activity and increases its shelf‐life.

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Section: Carotenoid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree composite bread

Wanjuu

Abong

Mbogo

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Research techniques for the fast determination or analysis of carotenoids continue to be reported by range of researchers. These techniques include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) (Brulc et al, 2013;Kopec, Cooperstone, Cichon, & Schwartz, 2012;Machmudah & Goto, 2013;Ow, Salim, Noirel, Evans, & Wright, 2011;Rivera & Canela-Garayoa, 2012;Swartz, 2005;Wenzel, Seuss-Baum, & Schlich, 2010. Brief details and application of these techniques are given here.…”

Section: Analysis Of Egg Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

Zaheer¹

2017

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Hen egg is a unique and important carrier of lipid soluble bioactive carotenoids -lutein and zeaxanthin. Egg yolk carotenoid profile is largely dependent on hen's feed composition. Naturally, lutein and zeaxanthin are polar carotenoids primarily deposited in human retina and provide several protective functions, i.e. protect the macula from damage by blue light, improve visual acuity, and scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. They have also been linked with reduced risk of agerelated macular degeneration and cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's, and possibly different cancers. This review summarizes the latest data on content and composition of hen egg carotenoids, effect of processing, feeding systems, feed additives, bioavailability, and physiological effect of egg carotenoids on human health issues.Carotenoides de huevo de gallina (luteína y zeaxantina) e impactos nutricionales en la salud del ser humano: una revisión RESUMEN La yema de huevo es un importante y único portador de carotenoides bioactivos liposolubles: luteína y zeaxantina. El perfil de carotenoides de la yema de huevo depende notablemente de la composición alimentaria de la gallina. La luteína y la zeaxantina son carotenoides polares naturales depositados principalmente en la retina humana y que aportan diversas funciones protectoras, como por ejemplo la protección de la mácula del daño provocado por la luz azulada, la mejora de la agudeza visual y expulsan las especies dañinas reactivas al oxígeno. Estos también están relacionados con reducir el riesgo de degeneración macular producido por la edad y las cataratas, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Alzheimer, además de la posibilidad de diferentes tipos de cáncer. Este estudio resume los datos más recientes acerca del contenido y la composición de los carotenoides de la yema de huevo de gallina, el efecto del procesamiento, los sistemas de alimentación, los aditivos alimentarios, la biodisponibilidad y el efecto psicológico de los carotenoides del huevo en los problemas de salud de las personas. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…However, more sensitive identification and quantitation methods for these compounds are necessary, particularly for samples from human studies, since the analysis of minor carotenoids and retinyl esters at low biological levels would require a large sample volume. Many strides have been made in recent years, particularly in mass spectrometry, offering distinct advantages over the other methods of detection . Higher sensitivity might facilitate the quantitation of minor components such as retinyl esters or carotenoid isomers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many strides have been made in recent years, particularly in mass spectrometry, offering distinct advantages over the other methods of detection. [9] Higher sensitivity might facilitate the quantitation of minor components such as retinyl esters or carotenoid isomers. Moreover, the risk for patients during a clinical trial might be minimized due to the reduction of the necessary blood sample volume or biological sample size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography/photo‐diode array detection for the quantitation of carotenoids, retinyl esters, α‐tocopherol and phylloquinone in chylomicron‐rich fractions of human plasma

Kopec

Schweiggert

Riedl

et al. 2013

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Bioavailability of essential lipophilic micronutrients and carotenoids is of utmost interest for human health, as the consumption of these compounds may help alleviate major nutritional deficiencies, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. High-performance liquid chromatography/photo-diode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) were compared for the quantitative analysis of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, α-tocopherol, phylloquinone, and several retinyl esters from chylomicron-containing triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions of human plasma obtained from two clinical trials. Methods After selecting an efficient extraction method for the analytes, both the HPLC/PDA and the HPLC/MS/MS methods were developed and several parameters validated using an HP 1200 series HPLC system interfaced with a HP 1200 series diode-array detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a QTRAP 5500 (AB Sciex, Foster City, CA, USA) via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) probe operated in positive ion mode. Results For lycopene, α- and β-carotene, HPLC/MS/MS was up to 37 times more sensitive than HPLC-PDA. PDA detection was shown to be up to 8 times more sensitive for lutein. MS/MS signals were enhanced by matrix components for lutein and β-cryptoxanthin, as determined by referencing to the matrix-independent PDA signal. In contrast, matrix suppression was observed for retinyl palmitate, α-carotene, and β-carotene. Both detectors showed similar suitability for α-tocopherol, lycopene and retinyl palmitate (representing ~73% of total retinyl esters). MS/MS exclusively allowed the quantitation of minor retinyl esters, phylloquinone, and (Z)-lycopene isomers. Conclusions HPLC/MS/MS was more sensitive than HPLC-PDA for six of the eight analytes and represents a powerful tool for the analysis of chylomicron samples and potentially other biological samples of limited sample size. When internal standards are available for the target carotenoid, employing MS/MS detection may reduce the necessary blood sample volume, which is particularly advantageous for minimizing risk and discomfort to human subjects during clinical studies.

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Analysis Methods of Carotenoids

Cited by 39 publications

References 178 publications

The physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree composite bread

The physiochemical properties and shelf‐life of orange‐fleshed sweet potato puree composite bread

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

Comparison of high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography/photo‐diode array detection for the quantitation of carotenoids, retinyl esters, α‐tocopherol and phylloquinone in chylomicron‐rich fractions of human plasma

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