Analysis and Testing of Bisphenol A—Free Bio-Based Tannin Epoxy-Acrylic Adhesives

Jahanshahi, S.; Pizzi, A.; Abdulkhani, Ali; Shakeri, Alireza

doi:10.3390/polym8040143

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Under this frame, wollastonite (as a silicate mineral, CaSiO 3 ) was found to improve the biological and physicomechanical properties of both solid wood and wood based panels, as well as to improve the fire retardancy and to increase thermal conductivity coefficient in medium-density fiberboards (MDF) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], therefore, the first aim of the present study was to find out possible effects that wollastonite may have on physical and mechanical properties of two engineering wood composites, namely medium-density fiberboards and particleboards. Based on potential positive results of the addition of wollastonite on properties of composite panels in the present study, future studies on decreasing urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin content, or even using an eco-friendly resin within a green framework, would be predictable and should be carried out, similar to what was previously achieved by the application of tannin in wood-composite panels [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Wollastonite-5%-feather treatment was closely clustered to wollastonite-treated panels; this clearly showed that, although there was an addition of feathers to the MDF-matrix, and a significant diminishment in properties was anticipated, wollastonite could compensate for the loss to a great extent. With due consideration to the mitigating effects of wollastonite on the overall properties, future studies on decreasing resin content are to be carried out, similar to what was previously achieved by the application of tannin in wood-composite panels [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Moreover, 5%-feather treatment was closely clustered to the control panels; this indicated that through addition of 5% of feathers to the MDF-matrix, the overall properties remained the same.…”

Section: Relation Between Physical and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It is reported by the Ministry of Agriculture of Iran that the production of chicken feathers in 2012 was about 80,000 metric tons; this figure corresponds to a manufacture of approximately 20 million composite panels by incorporating 5% feather content in to the wood furnishes. It also has to be mentioned that two million metric tons of chicken feathers are produced annually in the United States [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] whereas a figure of 3.1 million tons of feather waste is reported for the European Union [34][35][36]. Nowadays, high amounts of chicken feathers are disposed of in landfills and only a very small portion are converted into low-nutritional-value animal food [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach

et al. 2020

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Wood-composite panel factories are in shortage of raw materials; therefore, finding new sources of fibers is vital for sustainable production. The effects of chicken feathers, as a renewable source of natural fibers, on the physicomechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard panels were investigated here. Wollastonite was added to resin to compensate possible negative effects of chicken feathers. Only feathers of the bodies of chickens were added to composite matrix at 5% and 10% content, based on the dry weight of the raw material, particles or fibers. Results showed significant negative effects of 10%-feather content on physical and mechanical properties. However, feather content of 5% showed some promising results. Addition of wollastonite to resin resulted in the improvement of some physical and mechanical properties. Wollastonite acted as reinforcing filler in resin and improved some of the properties; therefore, future studies should be carried out on the reduction of resin content. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated the formation of new bonds between wollastonite and carbohydrate polymers in the wood cell wall. It was concluded that chicken feathers have potential in wood-composite panel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Relation Between Physical and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach

et al. 2020

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“…Swelling ratios and soluble fractions of these materials also proved to be very low. Jahanshahi et al [ 194 , 195 ] recently published two papers on the use of condensed tannins for the synthesis of bio-based materials. In the first one [ 194 ], Mimosa ( Acacia mearnsii ) bark tannins were glycidylated with epichlorohydrin but the epoxy rings were then reacted with acrylic acid for adhesive synthesis.…”

Section: Bio-based Aromatic Epoxy Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

et al. 2017

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The synthesis of polymers from renewable resources is a burning issue that is actively investigated. Polyepoxide networks constitute a major class of thermosetting polymers and are extensively used as coatings, electronic materials, adhesives. Owing to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties, chemical resistance, adhesion, and minimal shrinkage after curing, they are used in structural applications as well. Most of these thermosets are industrially manufactured from bisphenol A (BPA), a substance that was initially synthesized as a chemical estrogen. The awareness on BPA toxicity combined with the limited availability and volatile cost of fossil resources and the non-recyclability of thermosets implies necessary changes in the field of epoxy networks. Thus, substitution of BPA has witnessed an increasing number of studies both from the academic and industrial sides. This review proposes to give an overview of the reported aromatic multifunctional epoxide building blocks synthesized from biomass or from molecules that could be obtained from transformed biomass. After a reminder of the main glycidylation routes and mechanisms and the recent knowledge on BPA toxicity and legal issues, this review will provide a brief description of the main natural sources of aromatic molecules. The different epoxy prepolymers will then be organized from simple, mono-aromatic di-epoxy, to mono-aromatic poly-epoxy, to di-aromatic di-epoxy compounds, and finally to derivatives possessing numerous aromatic rings and epoxy groups.

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“…Recently, Pizzi et al. applied the same synthetic route to CTs from Mimosa bark to obtain homologous acrylated tannin derivatives . Tannic acid and Mimosa bark tannins were instead methacrylated through a slightly different methodology, involving glycidyl methacrylate with TPP and hydroquinone monomethyl ether as catalyst and inhibitor, respectively …”

Section: Introduction Of Clickable Groups Onto Aromatic Macromersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clicking Biobased Polyphenols: A Sustainable Platform for Aromatic Polymeric Materials

et al. 2018

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Lignin, tannins, and cashew nut shell liquid are considered the main sources of aromatic-based macromolecules. They represent an abundant alternative feedstock for the elaboration of aromatic chemicals and polymers, with a view to replacing some fossil-based fractions. Located in different tissues of plants, these compounds, with a large diversity and structural complexity, have, to date, been considered as byproducts derived from fractionation-separation industrial processes with low added value. In the last decade, the use of click chemistry as a tool for the synthesis of controlled macromolecular architectures has seen much development in fundamental and applied research for a wide range of applications. It could represent a valid solution to overcome the main limitations encountered in the chemical modification of natural sources of chemicals, with an environmentally friendly approach to create new substrates for the development of innovative polymers and materials. After a brief description of the main aromatic biopolymers, including the main extraction techniques, along with their structure and their properties, this Review describes chemical modifications that have mainly been focused on natural polyphenols, with the aim of introducing clickable groups, and their further use for the synthesis of biobased materials and additives. Special emphasis is given to several as-yet unexplored chemical features that could contribute to further fundamental and applied materials science research.

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Analysis and Testing of Bisphenol A—Free Bio-Based Tannin Epoxy-Acrylic Adhesives

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach

Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach

Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials

Clicking Biobased Polyphenols: A Sustainable Platform for Aromatic Polymeric Materials

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