Analysis and Stability of Carotenoids in the Flowers of Daylily (Hemerocallis disticha) as Affected by Various Treatments

Tai, Chao-Ying; Chen, B H

doi:10.1021/jf000956t

Cited by 107 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Table II shows the tentative identification data of carotenoid pigments in tomato. Peak 1 was identified as cis-lutein, which was similar to that reported by Tai and Chen (2000) [19]. Peak 7 was identified as all-trans-lycopene, based on chromatography with added standards and by comparison of the absorption spectra of the unknown peak with the reference standard.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Separation of lycopene and itscis isomers by liquid chromatography

Lee

Chen

2001

Chromatographia

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SummaryLycopene is an important biological compound that is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Epidemiological study has shown that the dietary intake of lycopene may reduce the risk of certain types of cancers such as prostate cancer. However, the formation of c/s-isomers of lycopene during food processing and storage may decrease its biological activity Thus, it is important to learn about the content of lycopene and its cis isomers in foods. In this studywe compared I',,vo types of columns (C18 and C30) and various solvent systems for the separation of lycopene and its cis isomers by HPLC. Results showed that all-trans-lycopene and its nine cis isomers could be resolved by employing a C30 column with a mobile phase of n-butanol-acetonitrile-methylene chloride (30:70:10, v/v/v) and detection at 476 nm within 35 min. A C30 column was found to provide more powerful resolution of lycopene and its cis isomers, but the retention time was drastically increased compared to that of a C18 column. The c/s-isomers of lycopene were tentatively identified as 5-cis, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis-lycopene, and possibly as four lycopene di-cis isomers, based on spectral characteristics and Q ratios as reported in the literature. The method developed in this study could be applied to determine the lycopene content in tomatoes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Separation of lycopene and itscis isomers by liquid chromatography

Lee

Chen

2001

Chromatographia

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“…The peak eluted at 31 min was isolated. The absorption maxima of the eluent (414, 436, and 464 nm) were close to those of c-vio reported previously (Tai and Chen, 2000; Table I). The epoxide test indicated that the eluent was 5,6,5Ј,6Ј-diepoxide because the absorption maxima shifted from 414, 436, and 464 nm to 380, 401, and 427 nm, respectively, after the addition of HCl.…”

Section: Identification Of Carotenoidssupporting

confidence: 88%

Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

et al. 2004

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The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase (CitPSY), phytoene desaturase (CitPDS), ζ-carotene (car) desaturase (CitZDS), carotenoid isomerase (CitCRTISO), lycopene β-cyclase (CitLCYb), β-ring hydroxylase (CitHYb), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase (CitZEP), and lycopene ϵ-cyclase (CitLCYe) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from β,ϵ-carotenoid (α-car and lutein) accumulation to β,β-carotenoid (β-car, β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of β,ϵ-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb, and CitZEP) led to massive β,β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive β,β-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS. Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in β,β-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of β-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, and CitLCYb) and downstream synthesis genes (CitHYb and CitZEP).

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“…Boiled soybeans had a significantly higher content of daidzin, genistin and genistein than frozen and freeze-dried soybeans. Freezedrying preserved more carotenoids from daylily (Hemerocallis disticha) flowers than air-drying (Tai and Chen, 2000). Finally, one study compared oven-drying with freeze-drying on the formononetin content of red clover.…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of freeze‐drying and its implications for botanical medicine: a review

Abascal

Ganora

Yarnell

2005

Phytotherapy Research

174

102

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Botanical samples are often freeze-dried (lyophilized) for use in research studies, and a variety of freeze-dried botanicals are marketed to the public. In both instances, there is an underlying assumption that freeze-drying properly preserves the medicinal qualities of plants, and is superior to other preservation methods. In fact, little systematic research has been done to verify this assumption. A review of the existing research, done primarily by the food and spice industry, indicates that freeze-drying has unanticipated and significant effects on the constituent profiles of medicinal plants that puts into question whether freeze-drying necessarily is the best method to preserve botanical medicines. This research review finds there is insufficient information to conclude that freeze-drying has negative effects on the medicinal qualities of plants. But, because existing research indicates that freeze-drying imperfectly preserves important classes of medicinal compounds (such as volatiles, phenolics and carotenoids), may increase the mutation rate in unicellular organisms and may diminish some medicinal plant actions, researchers and practitioners should carefully consider how the use of freeze-dried material may affect pharmacological and clinical study results.

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Analysis and Stability of Carotenoids in the Flowers of Daylily (Hemerocallis disticha) as Affected by Various Treatments

Cited by 107 publications

References 27 publications

Separation of lycopene and itscis isomers by liquid chromatography

Separation of lycopene and itscis isomers by liquid chromatography

Accumulation of Carotenoids and Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes during Maturation in Citrus Fruit

The effect of freeze‐drying and its implications for botanical medicine: a review

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