“…In order to increase the bit rate, the traditional methods are to increase the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code rate or reduce the PRN code length. However, the former increases the spectral width and the latter affects the orthogonality of PRN codes [5][6][7]. The emergence of CSK modulation can effectively solve the above problems and can effectively increase the bit rate to make the information rate flexible and variable [8][9][10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its discriminator equation is shown in Equation (4), where k n is the noise. The PLL corresponding to the tracking frequency range is calculated as Equation(5).…”
The code-shift keying (CSK) modulation method can achieve higher information transmission rates without changing the spread spectrum signal bandwidth. In order to optimise the spread spectrum modulation and demodulation of GNSS signals, in addition to the signal structure, binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and CSK signals using time-division multiplexing are proposed. A tracking method based on the BPSK-CSK signals is also proposed, which generates the P-branch local codes by fast Fourier transform to obtain the code-slice spacings for the E-branch and the L-branch local codes. Then, the tracked BPSK signals and tracked CSK signals are compared and analysed. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) and tracking error of each method are compared and analysed by comparing with the tracking of conventional BPSK signals and tracking of CSK signals, in order to verify the convergence process of the I-branch integral value. The BPSK-CSK signal tracking method proposed in this paper combines the high information transmission rate of CSK-modulated signals and the low BER of BPSK signals, and the results provide a solid foundation for high-precision GNSS services.
“…In order to increase the bit rate, the traditional methods are to increase the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) code rate or reduce the PRN code length. However, the former increases the spectral width and the latter affects the orthogonality of PRN codes [5][6][7]. The emergence of CSK modulation can effectively solve the above problems and can effectively increase the bit rate to make the information rate flexible and variable [8][9][10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its discriminator equation is shown in Equation (4), where k n is the noise. The PLL corresponding to the tracking frequency range is calculated as Equation(5).…”
The code-shift keying (CSK) modulation method can achieve higher information transmission rates without changing the spread spectrum signal bandwidth. In order to optimise the spread spectrum modulation and demodulation of GNSS signals, in addition to the signal structure, binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and CSK signals using time-division multiplexing are proposed. A tracking method based on the BPSK-CSK signals is also proposed, which generates the P-branch local codes by fast Fourier transform to obtain the code-slice spacings for the E-branch and the L-branch local codes. Then, the tracked BPSK signals and tracked CSK signals are compared and analysed. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) and tracking error of each method are compared and analysed by comparing with the tracking of conventional BPSK signals and tracking of CSK signals, in order to verify the convergence process of the I-branch integral value. The BPSK-CSK signal tracking method proposed in this paper combines the high information transmission rate of CSK-modulated signals and the low BER of BPSK signals, and the results provide a solid foundation for high-precision GNSS services.
“…With the increasing tension of spectrum resources and the development of communication countermeasure technique, the confrontation game between communication jamming and anti-jamming is gradually intensified [1] [2]. Frequencyhopping (FH) communication system is widely used for its excellent anti-jamming ability, low intercept probability and networking capability [3] [4].…”
The analysis and evaluation of jamming becomes very important with the strain of spectrum resources and the intensification of electronic countermeasures. In order to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of multitone jamming (MTJ) on multiple frequency shift keying and frequency-hopping (MFSK-FH) system, as well as support the communication equipment to improve the anti-jamming ability, the optimal MTJ pattern for a MFSK-FH system is analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the incoherent demodulation receiving model of MFSK-FH system under MTJ is established. Then, the optimal jamming channel, optimal jamming phase and optimal jamming tone number are discussed in detail. Finally, the simulation results of bit error rate (BER) performance are given.
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