Analysis and Reduction of Circulating Current Loss of Armature Wires in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Yamazaki, Katsumi; Furuhashi, Takahiro; Yui, Haiyan; Ohguchi, Hideki; Imamori, Satoshi; Shuto, Masao

doi:10.1109/tia.2019.2940425

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The historical lack of data regarding the conductor lay and strand assignment in asmanufactured windings requires significant assumptions to be made when constructing AC loss models. A review of the literature highlights that 'tangential' [3], [10], [11], [21], [26], [36]- [40], 'radial' [1], [3], [10], [11], [21], [26], [36], [38]- [40] and 'bundle' [1], [3], [9], [11], [21], [26], [39], [41]- [44] are commonly-assumed strand assignments as visualised in Fig. 1 along with their corresponding K AC values (as computed using 2D FEA).…”

Section: Ac Loss Estimation Via Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing for Conductor Lay and AC Loss Variability in Multistrand Stator Windings

Hoole

Mellor

Simpson

2023

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Vehicle electrification places significant pressures on electric machine design due to the need for increased power densities and mass production. These two requirements couple when designing multistrand stator windings, which exhibit significant AC loss variability as a result of the random nature of the conductor lay within the stator slot caused by automated insert winding. This paper presents two prediction methods for AC loss variability to be deployed at the winding design stage. The first consists of an analytical approach, whilst the second constructs a 2D finite element analysis geometry that captures conductor lay characteristics. Comparison of predictions from both approaches to experimental AC loss measurements established that the proposed models capture the experimentally observed AC loss variability characteristics and that the analytical method is suitable for early design stages whilst the finite element approach should be adopted once the winding configuration is finalised.

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Section: Ac Loss Estimation Via Analytical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 [13]. In a similar manner to replicating triangular conductor formations at the slot opening, the variability in the proximity of conductors to the slot opening should also be accounted for in simulations to permit an accurate estimation of the AC loss variability [11], [39], [44].…”

Section: A Observed Conductor Lay Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing for Conductor Lay and AC Loss Variability in Multistrand Stator Windings

Hoole

Mellor

Simpson

2023

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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“…There are several works published on calculation of CC losses in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) and high-speed induction machine by using FEM: [4], [5], [6] and [7] where CC losses were analysed with high accuracy but the major drawback of this approach is very high computational time required (up to several hours) to perform the work. In [8], [9] and [10] methods are described for modelling CC for Roebel bars of large hydro and turbo-generators also based on FEM and therefore having the same problem of being time consuming.…”

Section: ‫ݍ‬mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methodology for Modelling of Circulating Current Loss in Synchronous Electrical Machines With Permanent Magnets

Golovanov

Gerada

2022

IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

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This paper describes a novel analytical methodology for modelling winding copper losses as a result of circulating currents (CC) in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). CCs are important to be considered at an early design stage especially in high frequency and high performance machines where sub-optimal design choices can lead to significant alternating current (AC) losses. Nowadays mainly FEM method is used for precise calculation of circulating currents. However, it suffers on significant computational time required for building models and simulation of circulating current effect that makes it inapplicable for optimization purpose. The paper demonstrates the computationally efficient methodology through comparison with FEM based models for high power density PMSM with concentrated winding and validation against experimental results for a stator section at the fundamental frequency from 500 Hz to 2000 Hz. The methodology allows simulation of CC and AC Ohmic losses when machine supplied by any current waveforms, for arbitrary size and location of the conductors in the slots. A key novelty of the proposed method is the utilization of subdomain (SDM) approach in conjunction with solution of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) for an equivalent electrical circuit of machine windings. This approach is precise and fast but has never been used before for circulating current loss evaluation in windings of electrical machines. The model is intended to be used at the design stage of an electrical machine where multiple geometric dimensions, winding configurations and conductor placement in the slot are considered towards an optimal design. Index Terms-Analytical model, circulating current loss, AC loss in electrical machines NOMENCLATURE ܴ ௌଵ , ܴ ௌଶ . . ܴ ௌ Strands resistance ‫ܮ‬ ௌଵ , ‫ܮ‬ ௌଶ . . ‫ܮ‬ ௌ Strands inductance ‫ܧ‬ ଵ , ‫ܧ‬ ଶ . . ‫ܧ‬ bEMFs induced in strands ‫ܯ[‬ ௦௧ ] Square n×n strands inductance matrix ൣ‫ܯ‬ ൧ Rectangular n×x matrix of mutual inductances between machine phases and each strand of investigated coil, x -number of phases [ܴ] Resistance matrix ‫ܫ‬ ଵ . . ‫ܫ‬ Current through each strand ‫ܫ‬ _ଵ . . ‫ܫ‬ _௫ Phase current ݊ Number of parallel strands per coil ܷ Voltage across the terminals of stranded coil ‫ܣ‬ Vector potential in the air gap ‫ܣ‬ ௦ Vector potential in the slot opening ‫ܣ‬ ௦ Vector potential in the slots with bulk coils ‫ܣ‬ ெ Vector potential in the PM subdomain ‫ܣ‬ ௧ , ‫ܣ‬ , ‫ܣ‬ ௧ Vector potentials in the slots with stranded coils ‫ܣ‬ ெ , ‫ܤ‬ ெ , ‫ܥ‬ ெ , ‫ܦ‬ ெ Coefficients for the function of vector potential in PM subdomain ‫ܣ‬ , ‫ܤ‬ , ‫ܥ‬ , ‫ܦ‬ Coefficients for the function of vector potential in the air gap ‫ܣ‬ ௦ , ‫ܤ‬ ௦ , ‫ܣ‬ , ‫ܤ‬ Coefficients for the function of vector potential in the slot opening ‫ܣ‬ ௦ , ‫ܤ‬ ௦ , ‫ܣ‬ , ‫ܤ‬ Coefficients for the function of vector potential in the slots with bulk coils

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“…Reference [14], [15] illustrated that circulating current exists in motors with multiple parallel branches. Circulating current loss affects the efficiency and the temperature rise of the stator [16], [17]. Reference [18] proposed end transposition to reduce the circulating current of tooth-wound coils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But analytical method made a lot of simplifications and set inaccurate boundary conditions, so it is not suitable for general application compared with the finite element method [20]. Reference [11], [16], [18], [20]- [22] used the 2D finite element method to analyze the circulating current loss of the round wire PMSM, and reference [16], [18] verified the effectiveness of the finite element method by experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Circulating Current Loss in the Formed Winding of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

et al. 2021

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Permanent magnet synchronous motors with the formed winding can not only improve the slot fill factor and heat dissipation capacity but also effectively reduce the additional loss in the winding. Formed winding permanent magnet synchronous motors will become the future development tendency. Due to inherent features of the formed winding, the circulating current loss is a non-negligible issue. This paper proposes using the formed winding in permanent magnet synchronous motors and analyzes the circulating current loss in the formed winding. First, the finite element models of integer slot and fractional slot motors are established, and the magnetic field analysis are carried out. Then two commonly used methods of calculating circulating current loss are introduced in detail, and their calculation results are compared. Moreover, the high-precision field-circuit coupled finite element method is used to calculate the circulating current loss of integer and fractional motors. And circulating currents of the hairpin winding and the formed winding are compared. The analysis indicates that the circulating current in the formed winding cannot be ignored. Finally, comprehensive and in-depth research on the influencing factors of circulating current loss in the formed winding has been conducted. The results clarify that the number of parallel strands, the width of the slot opening, and the stator current have a considerable influence on the circulating current loss. INDEX TERMSCirculating current loss, field-circuit coupling, permanent magnet synchronous motors, slot-pole combination, the formed winding.

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Analysis and Reduction of Circulating Current Loss of Armature Wires in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Designing for Conductor Lay and AC Loss Variability in Multistrand Stator Windings

Designing for Conductor Lay and AC Loss Variability in Multistrand Stator Windings

Analytical Methodology for Modelling of Circulating Current Loss in Synchronous Electrical Machines With Permanent Magnets

Analysis on Circulating Current Loss in the Formed Winding of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

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