Analysis and Proposed Remedies for Power System Blackouts around the Globe

Raza, Muhammad Amir; Khatri, Krishan Lal; Hussain, Arslan; Khan, Mohammad Huzaifa Ahmed; Shah, Asad Hussain; Taj, Hassan

doi:10.3390/engproc2022020005

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The DISCO's network is composed of number of grid stations such as 132, 66, 33, and 11 KV is given in Table 2 64 . Energy supply and demand gap along with the losses is given in Table 3 23,46,65 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy transition through bioelectricity in Pakistan: Implications for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C

Raza

Aman

Tunio

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Climate change threats demand unprecedented economic shifts around the world, including a fundamental transformation of the global energy system. An energy transition is underway in most regions, predominantly in the power sector. This research depicts the energy transition pathway for achieving 100% renewable energy systems through bioenergy in Pakistan. The growth rate of 20%, 30%, and 40% in biomass projects were considered for the study period 2023 to 2053 using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. It presents a technology-rich, multi-sectoral and cost-optimal energy transition pathway for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5 C. The results revealed that Pakistan's electricity generation undergoes a rapidly evolving transition from predominantly fossil fuels 62.1% in 2023 to 81.3% renewables in 2053, and entirely zero CO 2 emissions by 2060. Hydro source is costly, wind and solar sources are seasonal so biomass emerges as the major electricity supply source in a cost optimal energy transition of Pakistan. Share of biomass is increasing from a mere 0.81% in 2023 to around 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, which then increase to 39.67% by 2053 under the 30% growth rate and further increases to 78.33% by 2053 under the 40% growth rate. Pakistan contributes 0.8% of the global carbon footprint, but we are among the 10 most climate-stressed countries on the planet in 2023 so this study helps to reduce cumulative CO 2 emissions from 151.63 million metric tons to 8.90 million metric tons from 2023 to 2053 across the power, heat, transport, and desalination sectors. K E Y W O R D S biomass, CO 2 emissions, energy policy, environmental planning, waste management 1 | INTRODUCTION The Paris Agreement (PA) was agreed on December 2015 during the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC), 21st Conference of Parties (COP21). 1 It went into effect on November 4, 2016, and superseded the Kyoto Protocol, a previous international pact to reduce CO 2 emissions. 2 Its principal goal is to strengthen the mechanisms in place to tackle climate change by keeping the global average temperature rise much below 1.5 C over preindustrial levels. 3 For this purpose, the PA was signed by 195 countries, to reduce carbon emissions and put together a joint effort for preventing global warming. 4 Of these 195 countries, 17 are of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and South-Eastern Europe. 4 These countries are of particular interest as their transition

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy transition through bioelectricity in Pakistan: Implications for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C

Raza

Aman

Tunio

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Agriculture's share of total electricity usage was steady in 2021. However, the industry's share of total electricity use has risen, indicating a recovery in economic activity [39,41]. Household electricity usage fell to 49.1% in 2021 from 49.2% compared with the previous year.…”

Section: Pakistan's Current Energy MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Achieving 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Sustainable Climate Change in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Fossil fuel-based energy systems are mostly used for supplying energy that creates negative impacts on the environment, so in this study, the development of a 100% renewable energy system is evaluated for Pakistan for sustainable climate change. This study modeled three scenarios, namely, ongoing (ONG), energy saving policy (ESP), and green energy policy (GEP) scenarios using low emission analysis platform (LEAP) software for the study period 2022 to 2050 for Pakistan. The results revealed that a 100% renewable energy supply could be achieved through the GEP scenario. Model results show that the share of renewable sources in the total energy mix is 1117.08 TWh and non-renewable sources contribute only 18.12 TWh to meet the energy demand of 966.05 TWh until 2050. Non-renewable production leads to the generation of 8.85 million metric tons of carbon emissions, which is too low compared with the 135.47 million metric tons under the ONG scenario. The USD 1482.46 billion investment cost required for adding renewable energy capacity until 2050 is too high as compared with the USD 46.80 billion under the ONG scenario. Energy demand and production requirements are reduced by 34.18% under the ESP scenario until 2050. This approach can also be applicable to the majority of nations worldwide.

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“…Excessive reliance on energy market policies, and supply and demand responses, is a major source of uncertainty for energy planners primarily focused on creating the conditions for energy capital investment [4], [5]. Electricity consumption in Pakistan can be divided into five levels: household, industrial, commercial, agricultural, and other [6]. Each sector of the economy shows a typical increasing trend in electricity demand [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

Hussain

2022

QUESTRJ

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In the fundamental study to design sustainable electricity generation, long-term electricity demand forecasting has taken on a crucial role. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP®) software is used in this study to estimate the demand for energy by various consumer groups including commercial, residential, agricultural, and industrial for the study period (2023-2050). The electricity demand is forecasted under different Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth scenarios. The developed scenarios are reference, low economic growth, medium economic growth, and high economic growth scenarios. This study identifies the key relationship between energy demand and the economy of Pakistan. It is found that energy demand and the GDP of the country have a direct relationship as one quantity increases, the other one also increases, and vice versa. 3.56% growth rate of GDP under the low GDP growth scenario causes an increment in energy demand from 137.97 million MWh in 2023 to 374.79 million MWh. Medium and high GDP growth scenario pertains to GDP growth rates of 5.79% and 10.22% which causes an increment in energy demand to 652.17 million MWh and 1,244.75 million MWh by 2050. The results of this study are significant and provide insight into electricity demand growth under the economic scenarios that could be useful for sustainable electricity planning in Pakistan.

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Analysis and Proposed Remedies for Power System Blackouts around the Globe

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Energy transition through bioelectricity in Pakistan: Implications for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C

Energy transition through bioelectricity in Pakistan: Implications for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C

Towards Achieving 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Sustainable Climate Change in Pakistan

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

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