Analysis and optimisation of bidirectional optical couplers in PCBs

Stosch, Jan Hinnerk; Kuhler, Thomas; Griese, Elmar

doi:10.1007/s11082-018-1379-2

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The solution of Poisson's equation (5) where ε r and ε 0 are, respectively, relative permittivity of glass and permittivity of vacuum, under the set boundary conditions of electrical potential U, and the relationship (6) make it possible to determine field intensity E at every point of the area required to solve Eq. (1).…”

Section: Equations Of the Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1). Equations (1)- (6) constitute the basis of the numerical model, which uses the finite difference method in simulations.…”

Section: Equations Of the Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waveguides produced in the superficial layer of a glass substrate are a basic structure in many different types of optical devices such as couplers, dividers, amplifiers, etc. [4][5][6][7]. One useful method of fabricating waveguide structures is field-assisted ion exchange from melted salt or a solid metallic source [1][2][3], with the use of a window in a metallic or dielectric mask deposited on the surface of glass (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modeling of field-assisted Ag+–Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides using varied explicit space charge density approach

Mrozek¹

2019

Optica Applicata

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This article presents a numerical model of field-assisted Ag +-Na + ion exchange in glass, used to determine Ag + ion concentration contours in cross-sections of channel waveguides. Space charge density was used as a modeling parameter, with different values adopted separately under the mask and in the region of the mask window. Based on the results of simulations, it can be stated that the space charge distribution under the mask has a decisive influence on the diffusion range of Ag + ions into the glass and on the shape of silver ion concentration contours corresponding to the maximum range of Ag + ions diffusion. Charge generated within the diffusive structure influences the shape of silver ion concentration contours near the mask's edge and affects the thickness of the polarized layer under the mask within the waveguide's optical structure. Modeling results indicate a significant influence of factors affecting space charge density distribution in glass on the results of forming channel waveguides in the field-assisted process.

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Section: Equations Of the Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1). Equations (1)- (6) constitute the basis of the numerical model, which uses the finite difference method in simulations.…”

Section: Equations Of the Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%