Analysis and Identification of Nephrolithiasis from Ultrasound Images using Machine Learning Approach

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, is a disorder in which the deposition of certain minerals causes a stone to develop in the urinary tract. Urolithiasis is another name for nephrolithiasis. Most of the time, kidney calculi form in the renal system and are eliminated through the urine system. Even a tiny stone can readily travel through the urine without any issues. More than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter, fully grown calculi can clog the urinary tract, which can cause intense pain in the lumbar region or the stomach.Calculi can result in problems such as dysuria, vomiting, and hematuria. The recommended approach for automatically segmenting kidney stones is based on a four-stage framework, the first of which calls for preprocessing kidney pictures for better enhancement and is followed by the active contour method for automatically segmenting kidney stones. In the future, an assessment will be performed depending on the size and kind of stone.

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“…Furthermore, this held all three cohorts-the internal, the external, and the validation. Moreover, in 67 patients treated with TKIs and 149 patients treated with ICIs, excellent patient ratings were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) [35].…”

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“…Furthermore, this held across all three cohorts-the internal, the external, and the validation. Moreover, in 67 patients treated with TKIs and 149 patients treated with ICIs, excellent patient ratings were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) [35].…”