Analysis and FDTD Modeling of the Influences of Microwave Electromagnetic Waves on Human Biological Systems

Abstract

The interactions of electromagnetic waves with the human body are complex and depend on several factors related to the characteristics of the incident wave, including its frequency, its intensity, the polarization of the tissue encountered, the geometry of the tissue and its electromagnetic properties. That's to say, the dielectric permittivity, the conductivity and the type of coupling between the field and the exposed body. A biological system irradiated by an electromagnetic wave is traversed by induced currents of non-negligible density; the water molecules present in the biological tissues exposed to the electromagnetic field will begin to oscillate at the frequency of the incident wave, thus creating internal friction responsible for the heating of the irradiated tissues. This heating will be all the more important as the tissues are rich in water. This article presents the establishment from a mathematical and numerical analysis explaining the phenomena of interaction and consequences between electromagnetic waves and health. Since the total electric field in the biological system is unknown, that is why it can be determined by the Finite Difference Time Domain FDTD method to assess the electromagnetic power distribution in the biological system under study. For this purpose, the detailed on the mechanisms of interaction of microwave electromagnetic waves with the human body have been presented. Mathematical analysis using Maxwell's equations as well as bio-heat equations is the basis of this study for a consistent result. Therefore, a thermal model of biological tissues based on an electrical analogy has been developed. By the principle of duality, an electrical model in the dielectric form of a multilayered human tissue was used in order to obtain a corresponding thermal model. This thermal model made it possible to evaluate the temperature profile of biological tissues during exposure to electromagnetic waves. The simulation results obtained from computer tools show that the temperature in the bio-How to cite this paper: Nzao, A.B.S.

Analysis and Simulation of the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on Living Beings near HV Power Lines Using the FDTD Method

“…The FDTD models [16] of the current and the voltage induced in the human body by the electromagnetic field radiated by the HV line resulting from Equations ( 38) and (39) are the following:…”

“…From a reliabilitypoint of view, this equivalent electronic circuit model reproduces with maximum precision the electrical behavior of biological tissue, without taking into account its internal structure. It also reduces the simulation time and gives the possibility to simulate complex systems like the one under study[16].The model in Figure5above makes it possible to indirectly obtain the mathematical expressions of the voltage V(x, t) and the current I(x, t) thus induced from the propagation impedance of the wave in involving the electrical parameters of the model (R, L, C, and G).…”