Analysis and evaluation of pyrethroid exposure in human population based on biological monitoring of urinary pyrethroid metabolites

Abstract

The current risk assessment of human exposure to low-level pyrethroids (PYRs) is generally based on the estimation of residue intake from diets. Limited data are available on individual exposure levels in human studies, which is partly attributable to the difficulty in biological monitoring of PYR exposure. This obstacle has been overcome in recent years due to the evolution of analytical chemistry. Separation and sensitive identification and quantitation of urinary PYR metabolites are today reliably made with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This article gives an overview of the biological monitoring of urinary PYR metabolites, reviews PYR metabolite levels in general populations, and discusses future research perspectives in the field of environmental health.

PBPK modeling of the cis- and trans-permethrin isomers and their major urinary metabolites in rats

“…These metabolites can either be specific to a pyrethroid (e.g., 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid for deltamethrin) or common to several ones (e.g., 3-PBA). The widespread exposure of humans was confirmed in biomonitoring studies, carried out in different countries such as France, Germany, USA and Japan, where the biomarkers of exposure were detected in almost all the individuals tested (Egerer et al, 2004;Heudorf et al, 2006;Barr et al, 2010;Ueyama et al, 2010;Morgan, 2012;InVS, 2013). In particular, these different studies demonstrated the large exposure of the French population to pyrethroids since the common metabolite 3-PBA was recovered at high amounts in urine with a 2 and 3-factor compared to the other countries.…”

Endocrine disruptor activity of multiple environmental food chain contaminants

“…Their increased presence in the environment has resulted in exposure of both wildlife (Alonso et al, 2012) and humans (Le Grand et al, 2012;Tao et al, 2013;Ueyama et al, 2010). The environmental degradation and metabolism of pyrethroids is well understood (Fernandez-Alvarez et al, 2007;McCarthy et al, 2006) and numerous studies employ pyrethroid metabolite quantitation in urine as a measure of human exposure (Le Grand et al, 2012;Tao et al, 2013;Ueyama et al, 2010).…”

In vitro human metabolism of permethrin isomers alone or as a mixture and the formation of the major metabolites in cryopreserved primary hepatocytes

“…As a consequence, humans are frequently exposed to this insecticide, and this was confirmed by the detection of urinary permethrin metabolites in children and adults in biomonitoring studies (Barr et al, 2010;Ueyama et al, 2010). Permethrin is suspected to induce neuronal disturbances such as paresthesia or headaches (Bradberry et al, 2005) and was also associated to modifications of the human semen quality (Meeker et al, 2008;US EPA, 2011;Young et al, 2013;Imai et al, 2014).…”