Analysis and effectiveness of deer whistles for motor vehicles: frequencies, levels, and animal threshold responses

Scheifele, Peter M.; Browning, D. G.; Collins-Scheifele, Lesa M.

doi:10.1121/1.1582071

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Pure tones are similar to the sounds deer-whistles are purported to emit. We tested pure tones at frequencies similar to manufacturer claims ( L 15 kHz; Hornet Deer Whistle 2002, Deer Alert Animal Warning Device 2007) as well as frequencies within the range that several designs of deer whistles have been shown to produce (3-12 kHz; Scheifele et al 2003). Therefore, our results suggest deer whistles likely would not be effective for prevention of deervehicle collisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research on vehicle-mounted auditory deterrents was confounded by use of commercially produced devices lacking proper function and sufficient sound intensity to be audible to deer in roadway conditions. Several studies determined that some commercially available deer whistles do not produce the ultrasonic frequencies as claimed (Schildwachter et al 1989, Scheifele et al 2003.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Deer Responses to Sounds From a Vehicle‐Mounted Sound‐Production System

et al. 2009

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We evaluated efficacy of sound as a deterrent for reducing deer (Odocoileus spp.)–vehicle collisions by observing behavioral responses of free‐ranging white‐tailed deer (O. virginianus) to pure‐tone sounds within their documented range of hearing. Behavior of free‐ranging deer within 10 m of roadways was not altered in response to a moving automobile fitted with a sound‐producing device and speakers that produced 5 sound treatments documented to be within the hearing range of white‐tailed deer. Many commercially available, vehicle‐mounted auditory deterrents (i.e., deer whistles) are purported to emit continuous pure‐tone sounds similar to those we tested. However, our data suggest that deer whistles are likely not effective in altering deer behavior in a manner that would prevent deer‐vehicle collisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Deer Responses to Sounds From a Vehicle‐Mounted Sound‐Production System

et al. 2009

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“…Auditory devices marketed to deter wildlife may not produce ultrasonic sounds at sufficient intensities as claimed by the manufacturers. Scheifele et al (2003) evaluated the sound produced by 2 designs of vehicle-mounted deer whistles and determined that the primary frequency of operation was 3.3 kHz for closed-end whistles, and 12 kHz for open-end whistles. Bender (2003) analyzed sound produced by 2 models of the ROO-Guardt (ShuRoo, Summer Park, Queensland, Australia), a device marketed to deter kangaroos (Macropus spp.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing Range of White‐Tailed Deer as Determined by Auditory Brainstem Response

et al. 2007

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: Basic knowledge of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hearing can improve understanding of deer behavior and may assist in the development of effective deterrent strategies. Using auditory brainstem response testing, we determined that white‐tailed deer hear within the range of frequencies we tested, between 0.25–30 kilohertz (kHz), with best sensitivity between 4–8 kHz. The upper limit of human hearing lies at about 20 kHz, whereas we demonstrated that white‐tailed deer detected frequencies to at least 30 kHz. This difference suggests that research on the use of ultrasonic (frequencies >20 kHz) auditory deterrents is justified as a possible means of reducing deer—human conflicts.

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“…It has been observed that given the masking effect of road and vehicle noise, however, it is unlikely deer would be able to hear the whistles Romin and Dalton 1992 [32]. In addition, there is no evidence that audio signals affect animal behavior [2] and habituation to sounds has been observed [32], [29]. However, the infrared detectors inform drivers when a large animal is detected within a certain range from the sensors attached to the vehicle (e.g., [3], [16], [17]).…”

Section: Vehicle-based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These sounds are supposed to scare away animals. It has been observed that given the masking effect of road and vehicle noise, however, it is unlikely deer would be able to hear the whistles Romin and Dalton 1992 [32]. In addition, there is no evidence that audio signals affect animal behavior [2] and habituation to sounds has been observed [32], [29].…”

Section: Vehicle-based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel-Vehicle Accidents Mitigation System: Design and Survey

Ragab

Zahrani

Haque

2011

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Abstract. Animal-vehicle collisions (AVC) affect human safety, property and wildlife. Furthermore, the number of collisions with large animals worldwide and especially in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom has increased substantially over the last decades. The negative effects of AVC and the increase in collisions prompted the initiation for designing a deployable and intelligent CamelVehicle Accident Avoidance System (CVAAS) using global positioning system (GPS) technology. CVAAS can be classified as an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The use of GPS technology in this kind of application is a novel idea. This article provides a detailed discussion in there related literature review. Moreover, it discusses the high-level design of the CVAAS.

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Analysis and effectiveness of deer whistles for motor vehicles: frequencies, levels, and animal threshold responses

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Deer Responses to Sounds From a Vehicle‐Mounted Sound‐Production System

Deer Responses to Sounds From a Vehicle‐Mounted Sound‐Production System

Hearing Range of White‐Tailed Deer as Determined by Auditory Brainstem Response

Camel-Vehicle Accidents Mitigation System: Design and Survey

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