Analysis and determination of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers (markers) in particulate matter standard reference material (SRM 1649b, urban dust)

Albinet, Alexandre; Lanzafame, Grazia Maria; Srivastava, Deepchandra; Bonnaire, Nicolas; Nalin, Frederica; Wise, Stephen A.

doi:10.1007/s00216-019-02015-6

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…However, the effects of SO 2 exposure are long term; a long-term study can explain why the fatality rate is high in elderly people. In our recent in vivo study on the effects of exposure to air pollution on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, SRM 1649b, 31 a well characterized urban dust standard reference material, was applied, which contains the main organic and inorganic substances produced in the mid-1970s, when fossil fuel combustion was at its peak in the United States. 32 Macrophages activated through particulate matter uptake secreted KC (a murine IL-8 homolog) to recruit neutrophil and aggravate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution on COVID-19 risk and fatality: analysis of the first epidemic wave in northern Italy

Hung

2021

Environmental Research

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The effects of exposure to atmospheric pollution on the incidence and mortality due to COVID-19 have been studied but not for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in most studies. However, most studies failed to consider important cofounding factors in the estimation of health effects of air pollution. The objective of the study was to assess the short- and long-term effects of air pollution on the COVID-19 risk and fatality in Lombardy and Veneto. Air pollutants were studied based on monitoring station information in Lombardy and Veneto from January 2013 to May 2020. The daily number of cases and deaths of COVID-19 were collected from the reports of the Italian Ministry of Health in Italy. A generalized linear model with the generalized estimating equation method was used to evaluate the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollution on the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy and Veneto. After adjusting for other covariates, we found that short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 had a tendency to increase the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 than long-term exposure, while for other air pollutants, including SO 2 and NO 2 , long-term exposure was more significant than short-term exposure. Both short- and long-term exposure of SO 2 resulted in increased health effects on COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that exposure to atmospheric pollution has a significant impact on COVID-19 pandemic and call for further researches to deeply investigate this topic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution on COVID-19 risk and fatality: analysis of the first epidemic wave in northern Italy

Hung

2021

Environmental Research

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“…One of the limitations is the PM particles, urban dust 1649b, used in this study, which was collected in the 1970s. It is anticipated that PM collected in 1970s has a different composition to that in the present day, although urban dust 1649b is one of the most analyzed and certificated PM particles [31]. The other is the high dose of PM used in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Increases the Severity of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through KC-Mediated Neutrophil Chemotaxis

Cheng¹,

Liu

Lin

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Background: Although particular matter (PM) increases incidence and severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods: The effects of PM were evaluated in a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were divided into four groups, receiving: (1) Saline (control), (2) bleomycin, (3) PM, or (4) bleomycin plus PM (Bleo+PM). Additional groups of Bleo+PM mice were treated with sivelestat (an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase) or reparixin (a C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist), or were genetically modified with keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) deletion. Results: Pulmonary fibrosis was not observed in the control or PM groups. Bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis within 14 days. The Bleo+PM group showed worse pulmonary fibrosis when compared to the bleomycin group. Analyses of immune cell profile and chemokine/cytokine concentrations at day 2-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that the Bleo+PM group had increased neutrophil number and elastase level and KC concentration compared to the bleomycin group. Neutrophil elastase activated the Smad2/Smad3/α-SMA pathway to induce collagen deposition, while sivelestat abrogated the increased severity of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM. Chemotaxis assay revealed that BALF of the Bleo+PM group recruited neutrophil, which was dependent on KC. Further, genetic KC deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition of KC binding to CXCR2 with reparixin ameliorated the PM-induced increased severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that the PM-induced increased severity of pulmonary fibrosis depends on KC-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and give additional mechanic insight that will aid in the development of therapeutic strategies.

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“…This is reflected in Figure 11 (for instance), where only one PMF factor (namely, marine SOA) is directly linked to its precursor and secondary origins (using MSA, which is already not so commonly used in such type of analysis). To bridge the gap between real-world atmospheric chemistry and receptor modelling results, increasing efforts have been made to determine molecular organic compounds, that can be identified as typical oxidation by-products of biogenic or anthropogenic SOA precursors and then used as specific markers in source apportionment studies [20], [115], [116].…”

Section: Secondary Organic Aerosols (Soa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further efforts are then required to refine the source apportionment of the various SOA fractions, along with other PM contributors, using receptor models. It should however be noted that the search for proper biogenic tracers implies very sensitive and labor-intensive (and then costly) offline chemical analyses [116], that may not be applied easily and routinely within operational networks. Figure 19: Comparison of PMF outputs obtained using a conventional approach applied to ACSM OA mass spectra and a novel methodology combining these mass spectra with key molecular markers in the PMF input data matrix.…”

Section: Secondary Organic Aerosols (Soa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Favez¹,

Weber²,

Petit³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The CARA program has been developed since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks to gain a better knowledge at the national level on the particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results of strong collaborations with international-level academic partners, allowing to bring state-of-the-art, straightforward and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all along the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.

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Analysis and determination of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers (markers) in particulate matter standard reference material (SRM 1649b, urban dust)

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution on COVID-19 risk and fatality: analysis of the first epidemic wave in northern Italy

Effects of short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution on COVID-19 risk and fatality: analysis of the first epidemic wave in northern Italy

Particulate Matter Increases the Severity of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through KC-Mediated Neutrophil Chemotaxis

Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

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