Analysis and design of gated irrigation pipelines

Smith, Rod; Watts, P. J.; Mulder, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/0378-3774(86)90009-0

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In both cases the outflow should also be a function of the velocity head in the channel. This is well recognised for dividing flows in pipelines (Smith et al, 1986) and for side channel weirs in channels (for example, Das, 1997;Muslu, 2001;Ramamurthy et al, 2006) where the weir coefficient is seen to reduce with increasing Froude number in the channel, reflecting the reluctance of the higher velocity flows to turn through the 90º required to flow over the weir. For simplicity in this study the coefficient will be assumed constant.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The most uniform depth profile in this example is for the head ditch of zero slope. This result was unexpected although it has its parallels in the behaviour of gated pipe where the hydraulic grade line behaves similarly (Smith et al, 1986 andSmith, 1990).…”

Section: Steady Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One notable example is the work of Smith et al (1986) and Smith (1990) which resulted in the computer program GPIPE for the analysis and design of gated pipelines. This work demonstrated the unique behaviour of these pipelines and the importance of the velocity head in the pipeline and the pressure head recovery as the flow passes by each outlet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head ditch hydraulics and the variability of inflows to irrigation furrows

Smith

Gillies

2009

Irrigation and Drainage

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The spatial variability and temporal variation of furrow inflows have a major impact on the performance of furrow irrigation, as indicated by the usual measures of application efficiency and uniformity. They also cause difficulties in determining the soil infiltration characteristic through inverse solution techniques and in selecting preferred values for the operational variables of flow rate and time to cut-off to give maximum performance at the field scale.In this paper a steady spatially-varied flow analyses is performed to predict the steady water surface profiles in a typical head ditch and the subsequent spatial variability of the furrow inflows, for both pipe or siphon and sill or bank-less type water application systems. The resulting patterns were very similar to those seen in the spatially varied pipe flow in gated pipe, with depths and outflows increasing toward the downstream end of the channel. It is shown that it is feasible to design head ditches to minimise the variability in outflows. An unsteady analysis of the same head ditch illustrated the variation of outflows with time caused by the time taken to fill the channel. AbstraitLa variabilité spatiale et la variation temporelle des apports de sillon ont un impact important sur l'exécution de l'irrigation de sillon, en termes de mesures habituelles d'efficacité et d'uniformité d'application. Elles également occasionnent des difficultés en déterminant les techniques inverses traversantes caractéristiques de solution d'infiltration de sol et en choisissant des valeurs préférées pour les variables opérationnelles du débit et temps-à-coupent-au loin pour donner l'exécution optima à la balance de champ.Des analyses de flux Spatial-changées sont exécutées pour prévoir les profils réguliers de surface de l'eau dans un fossé typique de tête d'irrigation. La variabilité spatiale suivante des apports de sillon est analysée, des types de siphon-et-filon-couche ou de banque-moins de systèmes d'application de l'eau. Les modèles résultants étaient très semblables à ceux vus dans spatial-changé pipe-coulent dans la pipe à déchenchements périodiques, avec des profondeurs et des sorties augmentant vers l'extrémité descendant du canal. On voit qu'il est faisable pour concevoir les fossés principaux pour réduire au minimum la variabilité dans les sorties. Une analyse perturbée du même tête-fossé a illustré la variation des sorties avec du temps causé avant que pris pour remplir canal.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Steady Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head ditch hydraulics and the variability of inflows to irrigation furrows

Smith

Gillies

2009

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…• continuous inflow measurement through inference from measurement of pressure in the supply system, for example, for gated pipe supply using the program Gpipe of Smith et al (1986) and Smith (1990), • characterisation of the field by determining a soil infiltration characteristic from detailed measurements of one irrigation event using the program IPARM of Gillies & Smith (2005) and Gillies et al, (2007), • prediction of the current infiltration parameters from one observation of the irrigation advance during the irrigation event being controlled (Khatri & Smith, 2006), • simulation of the irrigation and optimisation to determine the preferred time to cut off the inflow to the field using the Irriprob model (McClymont et al, 1999; , taking into account the current soil moisture deficit and the variation in the infiltration characteristic across the set of furrows.…”

Section: Furrow Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Spatial and Temporal Variability in Irrigated Agriculture Through Adaptive Control

Smith

Raine

McCarthy

et al. 2009

Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering

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Spatial variability in crop production occurs as a result of spatial and temporal variations in soil structure and fertility; soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties; irrigation applications; pests and diseases; and plant genetics. It is argued that this variability can be managed and the efficiency of irrigation water use increased by spatially variable application of irrigation water to meet the specific needs of individual management zones (areas of crop whose properties are relatively homogenous). The prospects for spatially varied irrigation applications and the need for adaptive control of irrigation application systems are identified. Current work at USQ directed toward adaptive control of furrow irrigation and centre pivot and lateral move machines is described. KEYWORDSReal-time control, furrow irrigation, centre pivot machines, lateral move machines INTRODUCTIONPractitioners of dry-land agriculture have embraced the concept and potential benefits of precision farming and substantial research has been undertaken on the yield mapping and variable rate technology that underlies the practice. Irrigation aspires to be a precision activity but one in which the traditional intention has been to deliver precisely the same quantity of water to each plant. The cost of any non-uniformity in irrigation applications is assumed to be reduced yield and lower efficiencies. However, this assumes that the requirements of each plant are exactly the same and ignores differences in crop water requirements due to spatial differences in soil hydraulic properties, fertility and other inputs. To counter the effects of this non-uniformity, irrigators are tempted apply larger water applications with a resultant reduction in volumetric and water use efficiencies.

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“…Field evaluation of irrigation system performance is essential to improve irrigation management. Volumetric water control and distribution uniformity in irrigation system are essential factors in achieving accurate water applications, (Smith and Watts, 1986). Surface irrigation is the most widely used irrigation method; this is due to its low capital and maintenance costs, and low energy requirements (Walker, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Irrigation Systems, Pulse Irrigation Technique and Silicon Application on Maize Growth, Yield and Water Relations under Toshka Climatic Conditions

2016

AJAS

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Field experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC) Station, National Water Research Center, Toshka-Abu Simbel city, Egypt during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of three irrigation methods including new types of micro irrigation, pulse irrigation technique and silicon application on water relations of maize (Giza-358, variety) as well as yield and yield components. The experiments were laid out in split plots design with three replicates and consisted of three treatments. The results indicated that the effect of pulse irrigation technique on water use efficiency were larger than the effect of irrigation system and silicon application, the mean values of water use efficiency were (0.56, 0.52 and 0.52 kg/m 3) for pulse irrigation technique, irrigation system and silicon application, respectively. Also the results showed that grains yield (ton/fed) was increased for combined irrigation system and pulse irrigation technique which had been recorded (1.4 ton/fed) while the mean values of silicon application were (1.3 ton/fed). Finally, under the current experimental conditions, it could be concluded that pulse technique and silicon application under combination irrigation system is suitable under Toshka climatic conditions and caused significant increases in WUE and grain yield.

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Analysis and design of gated irrigation pipelines

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Head ditch hydraulics and the variability of inflows to irrigation furrows

Head ditch hydraulics and the variability of inflows to irrigation furrows

Managing Spatial and Temporal Variability in Irrigated Agriculture Through Adaptive Control

Effect of Different Irrigation Systems, Pulse Irrigation Technique and Silicon Application on Maize Growth, Yield and Water Relations under Toshka Climatic Conditions

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