Analysis and design of a lumped-element hybrid coupler using limited quality factor of components

Beigizadeh, Mohammad; Dehghani, Rasoul; Nabavi, Abdolreza

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.09.001

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A lumped circuit model of the branch‐line coupler is seen in Figure 3A. In an ideal branch‐line coupler the scattering matrix is shown in Equation ) 10,22‐25

([], s) = ([], \begin{matrix} 0 & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & 0 \\ - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & 0 & 0 & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} \\ - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & 0 & 0 & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} \\ 0 & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & 0 \end{matrix}),

where Z 0 is the port impedance and has a value of 50 Ω.…”

Section: Mhz Rf Exposure System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Head‐only21MHzradiofrequency exposure system design and implementation

Pardy

Attaran

Handler

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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In this work a 21 MHz radiofrequency (RF) exposure system was designed, constructed and evaluated as a testing platform for MRI device safety. The exposure system consisted of a birdcage coil powered in quadrature by a power system consisting of a hybrid coupler, a power splitter, a phase shifter and two baluns. The birdcage coil was designed as a low-pass 16 rung coil. Both the coil and the power system were fabricated as printed circuit boards with a copper thickness of 205.7 μm and a G10 substrate thickness of 581.7 μm. The birdcage was assembled by wrapping the copper clad G10 inside of an acrylic tube. A shield for the coil was created as a cylindrical ground plane with a diameter of 39.7 cm. The birdcage and the power system were simulated in ADS and EMPro, Keysight Technologies Inc. both as lumped elements and using full wave 3D simulations. Simulation results were compared to measurements of the produced components to validate each component and entire system. In addition, a 3D magnetic field probe was developed to measure and compare the fields to analytical and numerical calculations.

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“…A lumped circuit model of the branch‐line coupler is seen in Figure 3A. In an ideal branch‐line coupler the scattering matrix is shown in Equation ) 10,22‐25

([], s) = ([], \begin{matrix} 0 & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & 0 \\ - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & 0 & 0 & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} \\ - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & 0 & 0 & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} \\ 0 & - \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0 p}} & - j \frac{Z_{0 s}}{Z_{0}} & 0 \end{matrix}),

where Z 0 is the port impedance and has a value of 50 Ω.…”

Section: Mhz Rf Exposure System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an ideal branch-line coupler the scattering matrix is shown in Equation (10). 10,[22][23][24][25] 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 , ð10Þ…”

Section: Mhz Rf Exposure System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head‐only21MHzradiofrequency exposure system design and implementation

Pardy

Attaran

Handler

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…In order to reduce the size, methods of using lumped or lumped distributed elements are proposed. [17][18][19][20] In References 17,18, hybrid couplers are proposed which is appropriate for integrated circuit technology. Lumped capacitors and inductors are used to replace the transmission lines, which effectively reduces the chip area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a large size is still the disadvantage. In order to reduce the size, methods of using lumped or lumped distributed elements are proposed 17–20 . In References 17,18, hybrid couplers are proposed which is appropriate for integrated circuit technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact wideband and harmonic suppressed quadrature coupler using susceptance loaded coupled lines

Liu

Guan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In the paper, a novel type of quadrature coupler with the features of wideband, arbitrary harmonic suppression and small size is proposed, for the first time, by employing susceptance loaded coupled lines. Design equations are derived using the even-odd mode decomposition analysis. The discussions on arbitrary couplings and harmonic suppressions are also investigated. For demonstration, a prototype with a second harmonic suppression was fabricated and measured. The overall size is 0.19λ g Â 0.27λ g , which is smaller than most of the reported wideband quadrature couplers. Measurement results show that the fractional bandwidth of 40% is obtained under the condition of 15-dB return loss/isolation, 1-dB amplitude imbalance, and 90 AE 5 phase difference. The proposed coupler can be a good candidate for wideband applications without using the multi-cascading and complex miniaturization method.

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“…The couplers are basically power dividers/ combiners with equal or unequal power division and with or without phase shift. Branch line couplers [1,2], power dividers [3][4][5][6][7] and hybrid ring couplers [8,9] are the some of the power dividing/ combining devices. The rat-race coupler is one of basic building blocks used in RF and microwave circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of a Compact Rat-Race Coupler

Ahirwar

Pandharipande

2019

AEM

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In this paper, design and development of compact Rat- Race coupler is presented. The device is designed with commercially available semi rigid coaxial cable. The semi rigid coaxial is modified for desired impedance to suit the requirement of Rat- race hybrid coupler. The physical structure of the coupler is in rectangular form instead of the conventional ring form. With this structure, all the ports are available in line on the same side. This eases the integration of the device with other modules or devices in the system. The total area occupied the coupler is reduced drastically by meandering the transmission line. The shielded transmission line provides better port isolation and less radiation loss. Design, implementation and measured results are presented.

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Analysis and design of a lumped-element hybrid coupler using limited quality factor of components

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Head‐only21MHzradiofrequency exposure system design and implementation

Head‐only21MHzradiofrequency exposure system design and implementation

Compact wideband and harmonic suppressed quadrature coupler using susceptance loaded coupled lines

Design and Development of a Compact Rat-Race Coupler

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