Abstract:Abstract:Voltage sag is considered to be the most serious problem of power quality. It is caused by faults in the power system or by the starting of large induction motors. Voltage sag causes about 80% of the power quality problems in power systems. One of the main reasons for voltage sag is short circuit fault, which can be compensated for by a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) as an efficient and economical flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device. In this paper, compensation of this voltage s… Show more
“…71,72 The structure of microgrid consists of the five major: (a) microsources or distributed generators, (b) flexible loads, (c) distributed energy storage devices, (d) control systems, and (e) the point of common coupling components, which are connected to a low-voltage distribution network, capable of operating in a controlled, coordinated manner, in both the connected to the utility grid or landed states. 73,74 As to the operation of microgrids, there exist different approaches. 75 Different types of renewable energy resources are involved as the power generators in a microgrid.…”
Section: Microgrid Structure and Operationmentioning
Microgrid is an important and necessary component of smart grid development. It is a small-scale power system with distributed energy resources. To realize the distributed generation potential, adopting a system where the associated loads and generation are considered as a subsystem or a microgrid is essential. In this article, a literature review is made on microgrid technology.The studies run on microgrid are classified in the two topics of feasibility and economic studies and control and optimization. The applications and types of microgrid are introduced first, and next, the objective of microgrid control is explained. Microgrid control is of the coordinated control and local control categories. The small signal stability and methods in improving it are discussed.The load frequency control in microgrids is assessed.
“…71,72 The structure of microgrid consists of the five major: (a) microsources or distributed generators, (b) flexible loads, (c) distributed energy storage devices, (d) control systems, and (e) the point of common coupling components, which are connected to a low-voltage distribution network, capable of operating in a controlled, coordinated manner, in both the connected to the utility grid or landed states. 73,74 As to the operation of microgrids, there exist different approaches. 75 Different types of renewable energy resources are involved as the power generators in a microgrid.…”
Section: Microgrid Structure and Operationmentioning
Microgrid is an important and necessary component of smart grid development. It is a small-scale power system with distributed energy resources. To realize the distributed generation potential, adopting a system where the associated loads and generation are considered as a subsystem or a microgrid is essential. In this article, a literature review is made on microgrid technology.The studies run on microgrid are classified in the two topics of feasibility and economic studies and control and optimization. The applications and types of microgrid are introduced first, and next, the objective of microgrid control is explained. Microgrid control is of the coordinated control and local control categories. The small signal stability and methods in improving it are discussed.The load frequency control in microgrids is assessed.
“…Equipment manufacturer side can reduce the sensitivity of equipment to voltage sag by increasing the equipment tolerance magnitude and endurance duration of voltage sag. For example, References 1–9 improved the power and speed of voltage sag compensation by changing the control algorithm or unit structure of power electronic mitigation equipment such as DVR and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). References 10 and 11 mitigated the voltage sag by unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) and open unified power quality conditioner (OUPQC).…”
Summary
To reduce the investment cost of voltage sag mitigation equipment and the probability of voltage sag at the installation nodes of sensitive load, a comprehensive voltage sag mitigation strategy based on sensitive load clustering is proposed. The Monte Carlo method is used to get the stochastic estimation model of voltage sag to determine the lines with high fault probability, so as to get the weak links in the power grid, that is, the voltage sag vulnerable area. This paper proposes four sensitive indicators called tolerance magnitude of voltage sag, endurance duration of voltage sag, equipment capacity, and power dependence. The weight of each indicator is determined by the combination weighting method, and the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is used to classify different sensitive loads. The sensitive loads are mitigated by installing the energy storage equipment and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), and the energy storage capacity is configured with the goal of minimum life cycle cost under the premise of voltage compensation. The result using MATLAB/Simulink and the laboratory equipment shows that, compared with existing mitigation strategies, the proposed mitigation strategy can not only effectively reduce the investment cost and the probability of voltage sag but also make the voltage distribution more reasonable.
“…On the other hand, climate change and global warming, fossil fuel sources limitations and other environmental concerns have made the renewable sources as one of the alternatives for human energy sources. Solar energy is one kind of renewable energy sources with relatively high availability and low density which can be transformed into electrical energy by means of photovoltaic (PV) units [4][5][6][7][8]. PV units can be installed with low rated power nearby customer site and is compatible with distributed generation concept [9][10][11].…”
Modern distribution system including Distributed Generation (DG) requires reliable and fast islanding detection algorithms in order to determine the grid status. In this paper, a new multi-model classification-based method is proposed, in order to detect islanding condition for photovoltaic units. Decision tree is chosen as the classification algorithm to classify input feature vectors. The final result is based on voting among three decision tree algorithms. First order derivatives of electrical parameters are employed to construct feature vectors. To cover intermittent nature of renewable sources, different generating states for PV unit are assumed. Probable events are simulated under different system operating states to generate classification data set. The proposed method is tested on typical distribution system including the PV unit, different loads, and synchronous generator. This study showed that this method succeeds in highly fast islanding detection. This quick response can be used in micro-grid application as well as anti-islanding strategy. The results revealed that the proposed voting-base algorithm could classify instances with very high accuracy which leads to reliable operation of distributed generation units.
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