Analysis and Classification of the Upper Lip Aesthetic Unit

Raphael, Peter; Harris, Ryan; Harris, Samar

doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e31829accb6

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Assessments for lip function include lip texture, symmetry, movement, mass formation and ease of repeating the injection. Moreover, achieving aesthetic goals with minimal risk for adverse events requires knowledge of lip anatomy and function, clinical experience in the use of various injection techniques, the primary reason for the patients to demand these treatments is to improve their appearance [3,18,23]. Therefore, either surgical or nonsurgical, lip augmentation procedures should be based on recording mathematical measurements of the individuals and their evaluation on ethnic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In general, there is a great variability of the individual measurements, allowing great variation in proportions which is one of the most important requirements for individuality [3,9,12,26,28,32]. The mathematical analysis should also be of interest to patients expressing concern about their facial profile, and in instances of moderate deviation, it can be useful in decisions of treatment without surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lip enhancement and augmentation procedures have become increasingly popular with some minimally invasive products for dermal filling and volume creation [20][21][22][23]. Candidates for lip enhancement include patients whose lips have flattened or lost volume, show vermilion and/or have lost definition due to aging, photodamage, smoking, or a combination of all, patients with congenitally thin and/or asymmetrical lips and patients who desire an enhanced lip shape or fullness [3,4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our perception of facial beauty and attractiveness, lips play an important role [1][2][3]. They are one of the most attractive images of the face, achieving an aesthetic youthful and beautiful appearance [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen separate anatomical lip zones are used to direct the injectable fillers and to customize lip contour and size to the patient's desire (Fig. 2) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

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Background Lip augmentation and changing contour lines have become more popular ways of improving the appearance. However, validated measures of lip fullness for quantification of outcomes are needed; ethnic background and personal goals can optimise outcomes while tailoring lip enhancement treatment to each individual's anatomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological features of the lip in detail and to clarify the objective parameters in related with the subjective ones regarding the lip augmentation and lip reconstruction. Methods Standard photographs of the lips of 200 young Anatolian adults were calculated with linear and angular components. The features of the lower third of the face were analysed with the software program. Linear analyses (heights of the upper lip, the upper vermilion, the lower lip height, the lower vermillion and the chin height) and angular analyses (the upper lip, the lower lip, the apex and Cupid's bow angles) were measured as reference points. The lip shape was classified into five groups: thin, very thin, medium, full and very full. Results The lower third of the face was divided into three segments (Sn-Sto, Sm-Me and Sto-Sm), and the largest portion of the lower face was occupied by the chin and the smallest by the lower lip height in both genders. The upper vermilion height was 8.07 ± 1.8 mm in males and 7.08 ± 1.5 mm in females. The lower vermilion height was 10.1 ± 2.4 mm in males and 9.7 ± 1.9 mm in females. The upper lip angle was calculated as 30.3 ± 9.6°in males and 24.2 ± 6.2°mm in females. The lower lip angle was calculated as 38.3 ± 9.7°in males and 36.5 ± 6.4°in females. Meanwhile, the angular measurements of Cupid's bow (i.e., the apex and the central angle of Cupid's bow) were smaller in men than in women. When the lip was analyzed, the medium and full types in upper and lower lips accounted for substantial fractions in men, whereas medium and thin types were predominant also in women. Conclusions With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to define the best cosmetical redesign solution of lip construction and augmentation with a natural appearance for the patient. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen separate anatomical lip zones are used to direct the injectable fillers and to customize lip contour and size to the patient's desire (Fig. 2) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

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Combining Rhinoplasty With Upper Lip–Lift Using a Single Incision Line

Bessler

2018

JAMA Facial Plast Surg

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Upper lip characteristics and associated excessive gingival display etiologies in adults: Race and sex differences

Tatakis

Paramitha

et al. 2023

Journal of Periodontology

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BackgroundThis cross‐sectional study aimed to examine upper lip (UL) and smile characteristics and soft tissue excessive gingival display (EGD) etiologies (hypermobile upper lip [HUL], altered passive eruption [APE], and short upper lip [SUL]) in a nondental adult population and to analyze interracial (Black and White) and intergender differences.MethodsCommunity participants, non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW), were recruited and examined for UL vertical dimensions at rest and maximum smile and for HUL, APE, and SUL. Associations between gingival display (GD) or EGD and UL anatomical characteristics, HUL, APE, and SUL were analyzed.ResultsParticipants included 66 NHB and 65 NHW adults. Ergotrid height (greater among NHW; p = 0.019) averaged 14.0 mm. Upper lip vermilion length (ULVL), total UL length, internal lip length, total UL length during smile, and UL mobility averaged 8.6, 22.5, 23.1, 16.6, and 5.9 mm, respectively (all significantly greater in NHB; p ≤ 0.012). SUL prevalence was 4.6%, found only among NHW. Lip length change from rest to smile (LLC) averaged 26.2% (significantly greater in females; p = 0.003). HUL prevalence was 10.7% (NHB 13.1%, NHW 3.5%; p = 0.024). NHB had significantly greater GD (p ≤ 0.017). EGD and APE prevalence (6.9% for both) showed significant interracial and intergender differences (p ≤ 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that LLC and HUL were the most consistently significant EGD determinants.ConclusionsUL anatomical and functional characteristics and soft tissue‐related EGD etiologies exhibit significant interracial and intergender differences, with UL mobility/hypermobility being the most consistently significant determinant of GD.

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Analysis and Classification of the Upper Lip Aesthetic Unit

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Combining Rhinoplasty With Upper Lip–Lift Using a Single Incision Line

Upper lip characteristics and associated excessive gingival display etiologies in adults: Race and sex differences

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