Analysing the usage and evidencing the importance of fast chargers for the adoption of battery electric vehicles

Neaimeh, Myriam; Salisbury, Shawn; Hill, Graeme; Blythe, PT; Scoffield, Don; Francfort, J.E.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.06.033

Cited by 166 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Workplace charging has been found to be the second most influential charging location in convincing consumers to purchase a PEV it is also the second most frequently used charging location (Bjornsson and Karlsson, 2015;Figenbaum and Kolbenstvedt, 2016;Nicholas and Tal, 2014;Skippon and Garwood, 2011). Public charging stations appear to be the least frequently used locations but are still important in encouraging consumers to purchase PEVs (Dong et al, 2014;Morrissey et al, 2016;Neaimeh et al, 2017;Nicholas et al, 2017a;Plötz and Funke, 2017;Tal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was partly because the infrastructure helped overcome actual range issues allowing drivers to complete more journeys beyond the range of their vehicles. Drivers were also more willing to travel longer distances within the driving range of their vehicles as the charging infrastructure acted as a safety net they could use in the event they might need to charge due to unforeseen circumstances (Neaimeh et al, 2017). There is significant uncertainty in efforts to determine the optimal location of DC fast chargers, data can be taken from several sources including GPS travel behaviour data (Dong et al, 2014;Santini et al, 2014), questionnaire survey data (Dunckley and Tal, 2016;Weiller, 2011), and from use data from DC fast chargers (Ji et al, 2015).…”

Section: Charge Point Activity and Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Hardman

Jenn

Tal

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

489

211

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This is the autho s e sio of a o k that was published in the following source: Hardman, S.; Jenn, A.; Beard, G.; Daina, N.;Figenbaum, E.; Jochem, P. E. P.; Kinnear, N. A. D.; Pontes, J. P.;Refa, N.;Turrentine, T. S.; Witkamp, B. (2018). AbstractThis paper presents a literature review of studies that investigate infrastructure needs to support the market introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). It focuses on literature relating to consumer preferences for charging infrastructure, and how consumers interact with and use this infrastructure. This includes studies that use questionnaire surveys, interviews, modelling, GPS data from vehicles, and data from electric vehicle charging equipment. These studies indicate that the most important location for PEV charging is at home, followed by work, and then public locations. Studies have found that more effort is needed to ensure consumers have easy access to PEV charging and that charging at home, work, or public locations should not be free of cost. Research indicates that PEV charging will not impact electricity grids on the short term, however charging may need to be managed when the vehicles are deployed in greater numbers. In some areas of study the literature is not sufficiently mature to draw any conclusions from. More research is especially needed to determine how much infrastructure is needed to support the roll out of PEVs. This paper ends with policy implications and suggests avenues of future research.Next, we provide background information on charging modes and levels and then introduce the approach to the literature review. Section 2 then summarises the literature, whilst Section 3 concludes with insights for policymakers and literature gaps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Point Activity and Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Hardman

Jenn

Tal

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

489

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Gaps IEC 61851 (Front-end protocol) Cross-cutting standard across charging topologies, safety and communication (Martinenas et al 2017).…”

Section: Market Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap- open communication protocols for vehicle grid integration

Neaimeh

Andersen

2020

Energy Inform

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Mass adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and their associated charging requirements introduce new electricity demand, which needs to be managed to minimise electricity grid upgrades. Management of BEV charging requires coordination and communication between various mobility and energy entities. Communication protocols provide a set of rules and guidelines to facilitate the communication and data exchange between two or more entities to ensure successful charging demand management and electricity grid integration of BEVs. A key challenge is that companies are currently developing and implementing several proprietary protocols to manage BEV charging, which could risk losing or vastly under-utilising BEV charging demand flexibility, and consequently hindering proper grid integration. This work presents the status quo on communication protocols and standards for vehicle grid integration and it is targeted for industries and governments. The objectives of the work are to review current protocols, present some of the advantages of open protocols, identify challenges and additional efforts required to develop, implement, and standardise these protocols to ensure that charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is synergistic with the operation of the electricity system.

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“…Nevertheless, studies about fast charging usage [3] and its market penetration, [12] underline that the availability of an adequate public infrastructure is crucial to accelerate the electrification of transports. The aim of this experimental activity is to provide scientific evidence and present results of real use cases of the practical aspects and issues of fast charging process, in terms of power efficiency and dependency on extreme temperature variations.…”

Section: Measurements Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, chargers of the "Rapid Charge Network", one of the European Commission's co-financed projects [11], have delivered around 300 MWh between July 2014 and November 2015, but such values are going to strongly rise soon. Nevertheless, studies about fast charging usage [3] and its market penetration, [12] underline that the availability of an adequate public infrastructure is crucial to accelerate the electrification of transports.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures

et al. 2018

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Multi-type fast charging stations are being deployed over Europe as electric vehicle adoption becomes more popular. The growth of an electrical charging infrastructure in different countries poses different challenges related to its installation. One of these challenges is related to weather conditions that are extremely heterogeneous due to different latitudes, in which fast charging stations are located and whose impact on the charging performance is often neglected or unknown. The present study focused on the evaluation of the electric vehicle (EV) charging process with fast charging devices (up to 50 kW) at ambient (25 • C) and at extreme temperatures (−25 • C, −15 • C, +40 • C). A sample of seven fast chargers and two electric vehicles (CCS (combined charging system) and CHAdeMO (CHArge de Move)) available on the commercial market was considered in the study. Three phase voltages and currents at the wall socket, where the charger was connected, as well as voltage and current at the plug connection between the charger and vehicle have been recorded. According to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J2894/1, the power conversion efficiency during the charging process has been calculated as the ratio between the instantaneous DC power delivered to the vehicle and the instantaneous AC power supplied from the grid in order to test the performance of the charger. The inverse of the efficiency of the charging process, i.e., a kind of energy return ratio (ERR), has been calculated as the ratio between the AC energy supplied by the grid to the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the energy delivered to the vehicle's battery. The evaluation has shown a varied scenario, confirming the efficiency values declared by the manufacturers at ambient temperature and reporting lower energy efficiencies at extreme temperatures, due to lower requested and, thus, delivered power levels. The lowest and highest power conversion efficiencies of 39% and 93% were observed at −25 • C and ambient temperature (+25 • C), respectively.

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Analysing the usage and evidencing the importance of fast chargers for the adoption of battery electric vehicles

Cited by 166 publications

References 34 publications

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Mind the gap- open communication protocols for vehicle grid integration

Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures

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