“…Mathematical models in epidemiology are great tools that can help us to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 Ahmad et al (2022), Allegretti et al (2021), Biswas et al (2020), Erturk and Kumar (2020), Gao et al (2020), Kumar et al (2020), Naik et al (2020aNaik et al ( , 2020b, Rajagopal et al (2020), Sene (2020), Kumar and Erturk (2021), Naik et al (2021), Safare et al (2021), Sitthiwirattham et al (2021), Özköse et al (2022), , Karim et al (2022), Kurmi and Chouhan (2022), Pandey et al (2022), Guo and Li (2022), Haq et al (2022), Guo (2022a, 2022b), Pérez and Oluyori (2022), Swati (2022), Joshi et al (2023). It captures all the scenarios in a very compact form and by proper analysis of these models show, for example, (I) how the disease spreads worldwide, (II) how much population is affected, (III) how to constrain COVID-19.…”