Analyses of the Dust Storm Sources, Affected Areas, and Moving Paths in Mongolia and China in Early Spring

Bao, Chunling; Yong, Mei; Bueh, Cholaw; Jin, Eerdemutu; Bao, Yuhai; Purevjav, Gomboluudev

doi:10.3390/rs14153661

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The Hysplit4 trajectory model, a Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid model, was employed to analyze the trajectory, diffusion, and sedimentation of air particles [26]. The model has been widely used in numerous studies, including those involving spatial diffusion of pollutants [27][28][29][30][31], water vapor transport [32][33][34], and STE [35,36].…”

Section: Trajectory Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Different Characteristics of the Mass Transport between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere in Two Types of Cyclonic Rossby Wave-Breaking Events

2023

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Using the ERA5 reanalysis data and trajectory analysis provided by Hysplit4, a comparative analysis was conducted on the primary pathways of air particles and the dominant weather systems in two distinct cases of equatorward and poleward cyclonic Rossby wave-breaking (CWB) events. Subsequently, the characteristics of mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere in both CWBs were estimated and discussed. CWB events are frequently associated with the development of an upper front in subtropics and a ridge or blocking in mid-latitudes, leading to a tropopause anomaly characterized by a downward depression in the subtropics and an upward bulge in the mid-latitudes. High potential vorticity (PV) particles exhibit negligible vertical motion and are instead controlled by the circulation of the ridge or blocking, leading to a significant poleward transport. In contrast, low PV particles display noticeable vertical motion, with approximately one fourth of them ascending on the north side of the upper-level jet exit region. After CWB occurrence, approximately 25% of low PV particles moved southward and sank below 500 hPa with the downstream trough’s cold air. Most high PV particles remained in the stratosphere, and low PV particles predominantly remained in the troposphere. Only a small proportion (2% to 6%) of particles underwent stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE). In equatorward CWB, STE manifested as transport from stratosphere to troposphere, occurring mainly in 24–48 h post breaking with a maximum mass transport of approximately 1.54 × 1013 kg. In poleward CWB, STE involved transport from troposphere to stratosphere, occurring mainly within 0–18 h post breaking with a maximum mass transport of approximately 1.48 × 1013 kg.

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Section: Trajectory Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Different Characteristics of the Mass Transport between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere in Two Types of Cyclonic Rossby Wave-Breaking Events

2023

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“…Moreover, China has been severely affected by SDSs. Studies have shown that the majority of the SDSs affecting China originate from Mongolia [5][6][7]. Bao et al [6] reported that, during 1977−2018, approximately 50% of the total spring dust days in China were attributable to cross-border SDSs originating from Mongolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data, Zhang and Wang [21] reported that, on the Mongolian Plateau, the area most frequently affected by SDSs is mainly the Gobi Desert region straddling Mongolia and Northern China. Bao et al [7] analyzed the spatial distribution and affected areas of cross-border SDSs using Himawari-8/9 remote sensing image data. Based on the movement paths of the dust events between neighboring regions, they found that approximately 55% of the dust events in Inner Mongolia originated from Mongolia, while approximately 60% of the dust events in Mongolia developed locally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Border Sand and Dust Storms between Mongolia and Northern China in Spring and Their Driving Weather Systems

Borjigin,

Bueh,

Yong

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Sand and dust storms (SDSs) are particularly concerning natural disasters in East Asia. At present, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of the cross-border SDSs between Mongolia and Northern China and the associated weather systems. This study identifies and documents the spring cross-border SDSs between Mongolia and Northern China based on the MODIS AOD map and Himawari-8/9 dust RGB images and analyzes the corresponding weather system types. A total of 76 spring cross-border SDSs were identified during 2000–2023, accounting for 55.1% of the total SDSs in both countries. The vast majority of the cross-border SDSs (86.8%) were related to Mongolian cyclones (MCs). Among them, 53.9% of the cross-border SDSs were mainly driven by Mongolian cyclones alone, and 32.9% were driven by the combination of MCs and cold highs (MC-CH type). Significant differences in the horizontal distribution of the SDSs were observed for different weather types. MCs alone trigger SDSs in the southern halves of the MCs, so the horizontal extent of the SDSs is consistent with that of MCs but larger than that associated with cold fronts. For the MC-CH type, strong winds in the southern flanks of MCs and their rear cold highs jointly drive a large-scale zonally extensive SDS belt. In recent years, particularly in 2021 and 2023, the strong cross-border SDSs have been dominated by the MC–CH type. This study provides a reference for the forecasting and early identification of cross-border SDS disasters.

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“…Dust weather, conversely, refers to meteorological disasters in which strong winds sweep over deserts or arid surfaces, causing dust to be swept into the air, in turn reducing visibility [5]. Dust weather can be categorized into floating dust, blowing dust, dust storms, and severe dust storms, based on visibility level [6]. Among them, floating dust and blowing dust are weak dust weather, while dust storms and severe dust storms are strong dust weather [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grassland Fires on Dust Storms in Dornod Aimag, Mongolia

Wen,

Yong,

Bao

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Grassland fires and dust weather in Mongolia can trigger major cascading disasters. Grassland fires from autumn to the following spring can indirectly affect dust weather occurrence in the spring by affecting land surface vegetation cover. In this paper, we selected the aimag (province) of Dornod, Mongolia, a typical temperate grassland area, as the study area. The study aims to (1) analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of grassland fire and dust weather in the past 22 years, as well as the effect of grassland fire on dust weather and to (2) explore in depth the mechanisms of the effects of grassland fire on dust weather. To achieve these goals, we utilize high-resolution satellite burned-area data and Synop dust data. In general, grassland fire and dust weather occurrence clearly varied spatiotemporally across the study area. Grassland fires are typically more frequent in spring and autumn, and dust weather is mainly concentrated in spring. Cumulative grassland fires (both days and burned area) from autumn to the following spring affected the spring cumulative dust weather days significantly, especially the spring cumulative dust storm days. Analysis of the mechanism of the effect of grassland fire on dust storms showed that abundant summer precipitation resulted in higher vegetation cover and more accumulated fuel from autumn to April of the following spring. Consequently, the cumulative grassland fire days were higher, and the cumulative burned area was larger during the period, leading to a significant increase in cumulative dust storm days in May of the spring. In Mongolia, grassland fires are often caused by human factors. The findings of the present study could facilitate the crafting of measures to prevent and reduce grassland fires and indirectly minimize dust weather frequency to protect the ecological environment and promote sustainable development.

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Analyses of the Dust Storm Sources, Affected Areas, and Moving Paths in Mongolia and China in Early Spring

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

The Different Characteristics of the Mass Transport between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere in Two Types of Cyclonic Rossby Wave-Breaking Events

The Different Characteristics of the Mass Transport between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere in Two Types of Cyclonic Rossby Wave-Breaking Events

Cross-Border Sand and Dust Storms between Mongolia and Northern China in Spring and Their Driving Weather Systems

Effect of Grassland Fires on Dust Storms in Dornod Aimag, Mongolia

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