Analyses of occurrence data of protected insect species collected by citizens in Italy

Abstract

Citizen science, the engagement of people in a research project, has grown rapidly in recent years, also for mapping of species of conservation interest. The Life Project "Monitoring Insects with Public Participation" (MIPP) actively promoted collaboration amongst scientists, public administrations and citizens in the collection of occurrence data of nine insect species listed in the Habitats Directive: Lucanus cervus, Osmoderma eremita, Cerambyx cerdo, Rosalia alpina, Morimus asper/funereus, Lopinga achine, Parnassius apollo, Zerynthia cassandra/polyxena and Saga pedo. These species were selected because they share two main characteristics: (i) they are listed in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive and (ii) they are large and relatively easy to identify. From 2014 to 2016, many different strategies were applied to contact and engage the public and approximately 14,000 citizens were reached directly. Additionally, printed and CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalAlessandro Campanaro et al. / Nature Conservation 20: 265-297 (2017) 266 online material informed the public about this project. Citizens could transmit data on the target species, accompanied by a photograph, via the web-site of the project or through a dedicated application (app) for smartphones and tablets. All records were validated by experts based on the photographs sent by citizens. A total number of 2,308 records were transmitted and 1,691 (73.2%) of these were confirmed. Most of the reports were submitted via the website, although the submission via the app increased over time. The species most commonly recorded was L. cervus, followed by M. asper/funereus and R. alpina. Data collected by citizen scientists allowed a detailed analysis to be made on altitudinal distribution and phenology of the species and the results obtained were compared with literature data on altitudinal distribution and phenology. For example, for L. cervus, 67% of the records collected were from the altitudinal range 0-400 m a.s.l. Interestingly, the data showed that the phenology of this species changed with altitude.

Volunteering in the Citizen Science Project “Insects of Saxony”—The Larger the Island of Knowledge, the Longer the Bank of Questions

“…Especially in these projects, the involvement of volunteers (hereafter citizen scientists or CSs) is well established, and they not only contribute data but also help to implement effective conservation measures [ 3 ]. In particular, insect diversity and its function in ecosystems have become an important research field [ 4 , 5 ]. This is linked to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) [ 6 ], which obliges nations to develop effective strategies for conservation and monitoring.…”

Using field-based entomological research to promote awareness about forest ecosystem conservation

“…Such an education project therefore has the potential to produce a basic insect species list (e.g. an inventory) and is an effective form of citizen science (Campanaro et al 2017, Scheuch et al 2018) similar to the Bioblitz project in the UK. Detailed inventories, generated from our field course, can serve as a baseline study on the insect communities found in Menagesha National Park.…”

Scent of Jasmine Attracts Alien Invaders and Records on Citizen Science Platforms: Multiple Introductions of the Invasive Lacebug Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Italy and the Mediterranean Basin

“…In the last three decades, the number of animal-watchers reporting photos and observations of animal species on websites, citizen-science platforms, forums, and social networks has exponentially increased [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. This is particularly evident for alien invasive species in the surroundings of human settlements [ 8 ] or damaging cultivated and ornamental plants [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”