Analyses of Multidrug Efflux Pump-Like Proteins Encoded on the Staphylococcus aureus Chromosome

Schindler, Bryan D.; Frempong-Manso, Emmanuel; DeMarco, Carmen E.; Kosmidis, Chris; Matta, Varun; Seo, Susan M.; Kaatz, Glenn W.

doi:10.1128/aac.04678-14

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These results suggest that the putative e ux pump genes from E. anophelis are not e ux pumps which mediate antimicrobial drug resistance. Similarly, Schindler et al cloned and expressed 21 putative e ux pump genes in Staphylococcus aureus which had no effect on any of the antibiotics tested [25]. In summary, we demonstrate for the rst time that the various putative e ux pumps in E. anophelis do not to possess antimicrobial drug e ux function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Chang¹,

Zhang²,

Niu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose: Elizabethkingia anophelis (E. anophelis) is an important extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogen to which there are limited therapeutic options. E. anophelis is perpetually misidentified as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (E. meningoseptica) by conventional methods. Consequently, this study reassessed risk factors for infection and mortality, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of E. anophelis.Methods: This retrospective case–control study was conducted to reveal the risk factors associated with E. anophelis infection and in-hospital mortality from 2015–2019 in a university tertiary hospital in southwest China using univariable and multivariable logistic-regression analysis. Case patients infected with E. anophelis isolates and controls patients with non-E. anophelis infections were compared at a ratio of 1:3 during the same time period. We employed the broth microdilution method to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 39 E. anophelis strains. PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and gene cloning were used to investigate the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in E. anophelis.Results: We collected 39 non-repetitive E. anophelis isolates over the study period. Multivariate analysis indicated that coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgery in the past 6 months, anemia and systemic steroid use were independent risk factors for the acquisition of E. anophelis. Additionally, anemia was the only independent risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with E. anophelis infections. E. anophelis isolates showed high in-vitro susceptibility towards minocycline (100%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (71.8%), but were resistant to colistin, fosfomycin, ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam/avibactam. Additionally, we show that two metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) BlaB and GOB, are responsible for carbapenem resistance and the serine-β-lactamase, CME, is functionally involved in resistance to cephalosporins and monobactams. Importantly, the various putative efflux pumps in E. anophelis are not responsible for resistance. Conclusion: Our findings will help clinicians identify high-risk patients and suggest that minocycline should be considered as an antibiotic therapeutic option for infections caused by E. anophelis. Additionally, carbapenem resistance in E. anophelis isolates is mainly associated with the MBLs, BlaB and GOB.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Chang¹,

Zhang²,

Niu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In this study, qnrS-positive isolates showed highlevel resistance, however other mechanisms such as secondary changes in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV, and porin or efflux systems, which was not evaluated in this present study have also been documented as an alternative mechanism deployed by S. aureus and other gram-positive bacteria in establishing resistance against quinolones [47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]. We are of the opinion that our isolated clinical S. aureus could be deploying those mechanisms other than qnrS to acquire resistance to the quinolones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Prevalence of qnr Genes among Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Isolates

Abdu

Mirabeau

2019

JAMMR

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Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is regarded as an important aetiological agent of various human infections. Fluoroquinolones are routinely used in the chemotherapeutic management of these infections; nonetheless, in recent years, a growing rate of resistance to these drugs has been reported worldwide. The aims of this study were to isolate and discover the prevalence of plasmid-mediated (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) genes among the quinolone-resistant clinical S. aureus isolates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 25 (31.25%) clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from hospitalized patients. The bacterial isolates were identified through standard laboratory protocols and further confirmed using the API Staph system (bioMérieux, France) test strips. The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by the standard disk diffusion and serial dilutions methods respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes. Results: Of the 25 S. aureus isolates, 19(76.00%) were resistant to ampicillin-cloxacillin, while 14 (56.00%) each were resistant to norfloxacin and Amoxicillin, 13 (52.00%) each to gentamicin and erythromycin, 11 (44.00%) were resistant to streptomycin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The resistance pattern among the isolates to chloramphenicol and levofloxacin were 10 (40.00%) and 7 (28.00%) respectively. All the eleven ciprofloxacin resistant were high-level (1000 µg/mL) resistance isolates and only one (9.00%) of these isolates was positive for the qnrB gene. Conclusion: The study results were indicative of the presence of low frequency of qnr genes among the clinical isolates of S. aureus in Yenagoa, indicating that other mechanisms are employed in resisting to these fluoroquinolones. This, however, emphasizes the need for establishing discreet policies associated with infection-control measures in hospital settings.

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“…Outstanding variation of adeABC and adeIJK, has induced the discovery of adeFGH operon sometime after adeIJK identification. The presence of adeFGH in the genus A. baumannii through exposure to certain antibacterial agents (norfloxacin) [22] [61] and is also a true source of multidrug. The genes of the adeFGH operon, the adeG is the most representative of more than 80% of the others [37].…”

Section: Adefghmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genes of the adeFGH operon, the adeG is the most representative of more than 80% of the others [37]. AdeFGH has also become popular in the species of A. baumannii due to its severe resistance to fluoro-quinolones, tetracyclines, tigecycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and moderate resistance to eryt-F. T. D. Temgoua, L. Wu hromycin, rifampicin and aminoglycosides, [61] and also β-lactams. AdeFGH is regulated by LysR (LTTR), also called adeL.…”

Section: Adefghmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MFS is the subsequent most studied efflux mechanism in species A. baumannii have identified some genes cmlA, tet(A/B), craA, and floR as the most present and appertain to the superfamily MFS [66]. Plural research has explained a particularity of resistance caused by tetA and tetB [61]. These two genes are not involved in resistance to tigecycline, yet tetA leads to a tetracycline resistance while tetB induce the resistance to tetracyclin and minocyclin [67].…”

Section: Mfs Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics

Temgoua¹,

Wu²

2019

JBM

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Acinetobacter baumannii has greatly increased its degree of resistance to become multidrug resistant (MDR) over the past 30 years and is on the red line of the most widely replicated bacteria according to World Health Organization (WHO). The efflux pumps are the main cause for the increasing antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii originated from nosocomial infection. The progressive resistance of A. baumannii even on the recent drugs (tigecycline and fosfomycin) reduces to very effective antibiotic scale. With attention focused on MDR and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) in A. baumannii multiple works on efflux pumps chemical inhibitor (NMP, PAβN, omeprazole, verapamil, reserpine, CCCP) are still in progress. Certain inhibitors from plants (Biricodar and timcodar, Falvone, Mahonia, Dalea versicolor, Lycopus europaeus, and Rosmarinus officinalis) have the capability to have such compounds according to their very significant synergistic effect with antibiotics. In this review we focused on the growth of antibiotic resistance to explain the mechanism of efflux pumps into these different super families and a comprehensive understanding of the extrusion, regulation and physiology role of drug efflux pumps in the essential development of anti-resistivity drugs. We recapitulated the evolution of the work carried out in these fields during the last years and in the course of elaboration, with the aim of increasing the chances of decreasing bacterial resistivity to antibiotics.

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Analyses of Multidrug Efflux Pump-Like Proteins Encoded on the Staphylococcus aureus Chromosome

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Prevalence of qnr Genes among Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Isolates

Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics

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Analyses of Multidrug Efflux Pump-Like Proteins Encoded on the Staphylococcus aureus Chromosome

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Clinical Isolates From a University Tertiary Hospital in Southwest China

Prevalence of qnr Genes among Multidrug Resistance Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Isolates

Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt; (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics

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Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics