Analyses of Mitogenome Sequences Revealed that Asian Citrus Psyllids (Diaphorina citri) from California Were Related to Those from Florida

Abstract

Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) transmits “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), an unculturable alpha-proteobacterium associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). CLas has recently been found in California. Understanding ACP population diversity is necessary for HLB regulatory practices aimed at reducing CLas spread. In this study, two circular ACP mitogenome sequences from California (mt-CApsy, ~15,027 bp) and Florida (mt-FLpsy, ~15,012 bp), USA, were acquired. Each mitogenome contained 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region varying in sizes. The Californian mt-CApsy was identical to the Floridian mt-FLpsy, but different from the mitogenome (mt-GDpsy) of Guangdong, China, in 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Further analyses were performed on sequences in cox1 and trnAsn regions with 100 ACPs, SNPs in nad1-nad4-nad5 locus through PCR with 252 ACP samples. All results showed the presence of a Chinese ACP cluster (CAC) and an American ACP cluster (AAC). We proposed that ACP in California was likely not introduced from China based on our current ACP collection but somewhere in America. However, more studies with ACP samples from around the world are needed. ACP mitogenome sequence analyses will facilitate ACP population research.

Population diversity of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in China based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences

“…To verify the results, five additional ACP adults from each location were used as replicates (Table S1). The CR primer set was not used for each of these five replicates per region because it generated multiple amplicons from a single ACP . ACP sample comparisons were difficult if not impossible.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, current morphological information has failed to describe ACP variation. However, recent DNA sequence technology does distinguish between populations . Because of the relatively small genome sizes, low levels of recombination, and variable evolution rates, in recent years mitogenome sequences have gained importance in comprehensive evolutionary and population studies of insects .…”

“…Partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene ( cox1 ) in the mitogenome have been used to study ACP population diversity from different geographical regions . As technology advances, whole ACP mitogenome sequences (completely encircled or not completely encircled) can be acquired through next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and analyzed . Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported in ACP mitogenomes from Guangdong, California, and Florida …”

“…As technology advances, whole ACP mitogenome sequences (completely encircled or not completely encircled) can be acquired through next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and analyzed . Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported in ACP mitogenomes from Guangdong, California, and Florida …”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Gammarus roeselii (Crustacea, Amphipoda): insights into mitogenome plasticity and evolution

“…The value of such a strategy for mitogenome sequencing as an approach to study intraspecific expansion/ invasion is increasingly recognized (Rius et al, 2015) and it has been successfully applied to many organisms (e.g., Wu et al, 2017). The optimal strategy for G. roeselii remains to be found, being a compromise between sample size and genome coverage.…”