Analyses of Mechanism on Roadside Pollution by On-Board Emissions Measurement System (Transient Characteristics of NOx emissions in Vehicles with EGR System in Real Traffic Conditions)

Abstract

In order to clarify the reason why the NOx emissions factor becomes higher with vehicle acceleration at intersections etc., two freight vehicles of different emission model years, equipped with EGR systems for reduction of NOx, were tested by an on-board NOx measurement system. Higher NOx emissions factors were observed at vehicle starts in lower-gear operations for each vehicle though the total NOx mass emissions of the later model vehicle were less. Larger NOx mass emissions were clearly observed in the engine operation area of lower engine speed and load in real traffic conditions though the NOx mass emissions in steady state conditions was less. NOx emissions characteristics were analyzed in view of engine torque, NOx mass emissions, and the EGR rate, and considering the rate of engine speed change. It was found that lower-gear operations made the rate of engine speed change higher and also the EGR rate lower resulting in higher NOx emissions. This seems to be one of the factors to engender the intensive NOx pollution at roadsides.

X-Rays Compton Detectors For Biomedical Application

“…Moreover, the measurement of electron tracks in space requires a 3D sophisticated detector, which is demanding in cost and operation [8]. On the other hand, one needs a large gaseous volume (about 1000 times more) to have comparable detection efficiency, and hence a larger encumbrance of the camera.…”