Analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers for laminar blood flow and homogeneous dialysate

Cooney, David O.; Kim, Shin-Seung; Davis, E. James

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(74)87031-4

Cited by 150 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To take into account gas phase diffusion, the Cooney-KimDavis (CKD) method (Cooney et al, 1974;Murphy and Fahey, 1987) was used to correct the measured uptake coefficients as described in detail by Behnke et al (1997). Comparison of the CKD-corrected results with the uncorrected approach given by Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The interactions of aerosols consisting of humic acids with gaseous nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were investigated under different light conditions in aerosol flow tube experiments at ambient pressure and temperature. The results show that NO 2 is converted on the humic acid aerosol into nitrous acid (HONO), which is released from the aerosol and can be detected in the gas phase at the reactor exit. The formation of HONO on the humic acid aerosol is strongly activated by light: In the dark, the HONO-formation was below the detection limit, but it was increasing with the intensity of the irradiation with visible light. Under simulated atmospheric conditions with respect to the actinic flux, relative humidity and NO 2 -concentration, reactive uptake coefficients γ rxn for the NO 2 →HONO conversion on the aerosol between γ rxn <10 −7 (in the dark) and γ rxn =6×10 −6 were observed. The observed uptake coefficients decreased with increasing NO 2 -concentration in the range from 2.7 to 280 ppb and were dependent on the relative humidity (RH) with slightly reduced values at low humidity (<20% RH) and high humidity (>60% RH). The measured uptake coefficients for the NO 2 →HONO conversion are too low to explain the HONOformation rates observed near the ground in rural and urban environments by the conversion of NO 2 →HONO on organic aerosol surfaces, even if one would assume that all aerosols consist of humic acid only. It is concluded that the processes leading to HONO formation on the Earth surface will have a much larger impact on the HONO-formation in the lowermost layer of the troposphere than humic materials potentially occurring in airborne particles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

et al. 2007

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“…A correction for gas phase diffusion limitations was taken into account for g obs calculations using the Cooney-Kim-Davis (CKD) method. 34,35 Then, the true uptake coefficient (g t ) was obtained from the mass dependence of g obs as follows, 25…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,35 In the coated-wall flow tube reactor, powder samples with multilayer thickness were usually generated. In order to determine the probe depth of NO 2 in the multilayer samples, the response of g obs to the sample mass was measured.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of relative humidity on heterogeneous kinetics of NO₂ on kaolin and hematite

Liu

Han

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In order to obtain reliable kinetic parameters, it is required to measure the reaction kinetics of important heterogeneous reactions at ambient relative humidity (RH). In this study, the uptake coefficients and HONO yields for the heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 on kaolin and hematite were measured at RH from 7% to 74% and at ambient pressure in the dark using a coated-wall flow tube reactor. The initial true uptake coefficient (g t,ini ) of NO 2 at RH 7% was measured to be (1.44 AE 0.10) Â 10 À7 and (1.58 AE 0.13) Â 10 À6 on kaolin and hematite, respectively, while it decreased notably on both minerals, accompanied by an increase of HONO yields, as RH increased. The average g t,ini at 32-74% RH was (4.42 AE 1.17) Â 10 À8 and (2.83 AE 0.84) Â 10 À7 on kaolin and hematite, respectively. The corresponding mean HONO yield was (36.0 AE 16.1)% and (75.9 AE 3.32)%, respectively.

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“…where 30 For this method, referred to as CKD (Cooney, Kim, Davis), the differential equation that governs the mixing ratio of the analyte as a function of axial and radial positions in a cylindrical geometry under axial flow is solved using the boundary condition that a constant fraction of wall collisions result in reaction. This yields a transmission ratio corrected for wall loss.…”

Section: Determination Of the Uptake Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shikimic acid ozonolysis kinetics of the transition from liquid aqueous solution to highly viscous glass

Steimer

Berkemeier

Gilgen

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Ageing of particulate organic matter affects the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosol particles. Driven by temperature and humidity, the organic fraction can vary its physical state between liquid and amorphous solid, or rarely even crystalline. These transitions can influence the reaction kinetics due to limitations of mass transport in such (semi-) solid states, which in turn may influence the chemical ageing of particles containing such compounds. We have used coated wall flow tube experiments to investigate the reaction kinetics of the ozonolysis of shikimic acid, which serves as a proxy for oxygenated, water-soluble organic matter and can form a glass at room temperature. Particular attention was paid to how the presence of water influences the reaction, since it acts a plasticiser and thereby induces changes in the physical state. We analysed the results by means of a traditional resistor model, which assumes steady-state conditions. The ozonolysis rate of shikimic acid is strongly increased in the presence of water, a fact we attribute to the increased transport of O-3 and shikimic acid through the condensed phase at lower viscosities. The analysis using the resistor model suggests that the system undergoes both surface and bulk reaction. The second-order rate coefficient of the bulk reaction is 3.7 (+1.5/-3.2) x 10(3) L mol(-1) s(-1). At low humidity and long timescales, the resistor model fails to describe the measurements appropriately. The persistent O-3 uptake at very low humidity suggests contribution of a self-reaction of O-3 on the surface

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Analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers for laminar blood flow and homogeneous dialysate

Cited by 150 publications

References 7 publications

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

Influence of relative humidity on heterogeneous kinetics of NO₂ on kaolin and hematite

Shikimic acid ozonolysis kinetics of the transition from liquid aqueous solution to highly viscous glass

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Analyses of mass transfer in hemodialyzers for laminar blood flow and homogeneous dialysate

Cited by 150 publications

References 7 publications

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

Light induced conversion of nitrogen dioxide into nitrous acid on submicron humic acid aerosol

Influence of relative humidity on heterogeneous kinetics of NO2 on kaolin and hematite

Shikimic acid ozonolysis kinetics of the transition from liquid aqueous solution to highly viscous glass

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Product

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Influence of relative humidity on heterogeneous kinetics of NO₂ on kaolin and hematite