Analyses of Liquid Products from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Jatropha Seed Cakes

Abstract

In this work, the decomposition behaviors of mainly jatropha seed cake have been examined for desired liquid organic hydrocarbons. In order to check liquid product yield, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses of jatropha wastes were first carried out. The data investigation shows little difference in the value of weight loss between jatropha seed cake and seed shell. The weight loss approximately remains unchanged by the presence of H-ZSM-5 catalysts, but distributions of liquid products formed during pyrolysis, which were examined by Py-GC/MS analysis, were dramatically changed. In fact, the pyrograms obtained in the presence of catalyst at 550 °C were found to be aromatic hydrocarbon selectivity above 90% with the nitrogen-containing compounds of only 2.3%, while, with no catalyst, widely ranged organic products were formed. In the catalytic pyrolysis using quartz reactor, however, the selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons is only 12.2%, while the N-compounds are 33.9%. Not only the increase in aromatic selectivity, but also the decrease in selectivity to N-compounds would be closely related to both acidity and pore structure of catalyst materials such as H-ZSM-5 and β-zeolite. The postulated reaction pathway was proposed, in order to explain the formation of N-containing compounds as well as aromatic hydrocarbons.

Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Jatropha Deoiled Cake: Pyrolysis vs. Gasification

“…Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that takes place in the absence of oxygen, which converts biomass into solid (charcoal), liquid (tar and other organics, such as acetic acid, acetone and methanol) and gaseous products (H 2 , CO 2 , CO) at elevated temperatures [8], [9]. In general, thermo-chemical and bio-chemical treatments are successfully employed to produce the bio-fuel from biomass [10], [11].…”

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

“…Zeolite beta and its modified versions are known to be effective catalysts for several reactions concerning the valorisation of biomass, e.g. corn fiber to Fur [38]; levuglucosan (an intermediate of (hemi)cellulose pyrolysis) to glucose [39] or Fur [40]; saccharides to Fur [41,42], 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) [42][43][44][45][46][47], or LEs [48,49]; cellulose and hemicelluloses to diesel [50]; hemicelluloses to polyols [51]; C-3 sugar to methyl lactate and lactic acid [52]; FA to 2-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) [53]; biodegradable surfactants via acetalisation [54] or etherification of HMF [55]; Fur to GVL [4]; pyrolysis of biomass or derived compounds to aromatic/aliphatic 4 hydrocarbons [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]; sugarcane bagasse to bio-oil and upgrading to fuel [67]; co-conversion of biogenic waste and vegetable oil [68]; and pyrolysis of organosolv lignin to phenolic compounds [69,70]. The introduction of different elements into zeolite beta widens its catalytic potential.…”

Preparation and upgrading of hydrocarbon oil from deoxy-liquefaction of oil crop

“…However, the high protein content in cotton seed caused considerable N-containing compounds in the obtained oil, bringing about undesirable NO x emissions during combustion and deactivation of acidic catalysts when catalytic upgrading processes were performed in existing crude oil refineries (Du et al, 2012;Murata et al, 2011). In order to reduce the detrimental factors, catalyst of CuO-Al 2 O 3 which was used to removal of nitrogen, was first applied to decomposition of cotton seed in husk.…”