Analyses of human papillomavirus genotypes and viral loads in anogenital warts

Abstract

Condylomata acuminata (genital warts) are the most common sexually transmitted viral diseases. These lesions are caused by infection with mucosal human papillomaviruses (HPVs). However, there is limited information on HPV strain distribution involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these lesions. To address this, the strain prevalence and the frequency of multiple HPV infections were determined in wart tissue obtained from 31 patients attending a wart clinic. These lesions were bisected and subjected to parallel DNA and mRNA extractions. HPV‐type prevalence and incidence of multiple infections were determined by the Roche Linear Array assay. qPCR compared HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 viral loads and RT‐qPCR measured HPV 6 and 11 E6 genomic expression levels. Seventy‐one percent of these samples were infected with multiple HPVs. Only one sample was negative for HPV 6 or 11 DNA. Forty‐eight percent of samples were positive for a high risk (oncogenic) HPV. The results show that multiple infections in tissue are frequent and the subsequent analysis of HPV 6 and 11 E6 DNA viral loads suggested that other HPVs could be causing lesions. Further analysis of HPV 6/11 E6 mRNA levels showed that there was no discernable relationship between HPV 6 E6 DNA viral load and relative HPV 6 or 11 E6 mRNA levels thereby questioning the relevance of viral load to lesion causality. J. Med. Virol. 83:1345–1350, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Risk Factors for Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion in Women Aged 20 to 31 Years in Germany

“…Samples for HPV testing taken from gynecologists were sent at same conditions. Samples were analyzed by general primer GP5+/GP6+-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by Luminexbased multiplexed genotyping (MPG) for detection of 19 HR HPV genotypes (HPV 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,26,53,66,70,73, and 82) and 7 low-risk (HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, 54, 57, and 72) HPV genotypes (multiplexed HPV genotyping, Multimetrix, Heidelberg, Germany).…”

Parents’ decision-making about the human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters: I. Quantitative results

“…3,4 A quadrivalent vaccine also protects against 2 low-risk types of the virus, which are responsible for 90% of genital warts (GW). 5,6 Although GW are not a life-threatening condition, they can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. 7 Furthermore, with the development and subsequent delivery of new vaccines, HPV-related cancers and infections can be greatly reduced in the future.…”

Number of External Anogenital Warts is Associated with the Occurrence of Abnormal Cervical Cytology

“…The synchronous infection of oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV has been supported by a HPV DNA analysis study on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissue blocks of 410 Thai women with LSIL+which showed that the most common triple HPV infection included HPV 11/16/18 (54.9%) (Suthipintawong et al, 2011), while another study in the United Kingdom using linear array assay on specimens of AGWs demonstrated that, of these, 35.5% also contained HPV 16 or 18 (Ball et al, 2011). Although no HPV DNA analysis was performed in the present study, a previous study using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in liquid-based cytology (LBC) of 1,662 Thai women showed that 30% of LSIL+contained oncogenic HPV types (Chansaenroj et al, 2010).…”

“…The annual incidence of AGWs is 160-289 per 100,000 and the overall prevalence ranges from 0.13-0.56% (Patel et al, 2013). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection type 6 and 11, which are non-oncogenic types, account for more than 90% of the clinical manifestations as being confirmed by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis of wart specimens (Ball et al, 2011). The virus may persist at the affected sites for up to 12 months without any signs of inflammation (Mariani and Venuti, 2010) resulting in the long transmissible period.…”

“…Recently, Ball SL et al has demonstrated that 48% of external AGWs had both oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV infections (Ball et al, 2011). The oncogenic HPVs such as HPV 16 and 18 are related to malignancies of cervix, vagina, vulva and anus.…”