Analyses élémentaires de monnaies de Charlemagne et Louis le Pieux du Cabinet des Médailles : l'Italie carolingienne et Venise

Sarah, Guillaume; Bompaire, Marc; McCormick, Michael; Rovelli, Alessia; Guerrot, Catherine

doi:10.3406/numi.2008.2857

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bi content is extremely variable in both lead and silver archaeological artefacts reported in literature. Regarding silver material, most Carolingian deniers (silver coins) contain a few hundreds ppm Bi (Sarah et al, 2008;Sarah, 2012). Yet, some authors also cite oriental silver coins containing up to several percent of Bi (Mac Kerrel and Stevenson, 1972;Cowell and Lowick, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

L'Héritier

Baron

Cassayre

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International audienceBismuth is one of the main trace elements found in archaeological lead and silver material in very variable contents. As silver refining by cupellation involves the redistribution of some trace elements contained in the initial lead bullion into the litharge and silver phases, an interdisciplinary approach has been carried out to understand the behaviour of bismuth during this process. Twenty-eight fire-assays were processed with seven different Pb–Bi–Ag alloys of various Bi content. A chemical characterization of all products was carried out. Parallel to the experiments, a thermodynamic approach was undertaken. The combination of experiments and modelling shows that the Bi/Pb ratio can be used as a tracer in silver material throughout the whole cupellation process. Bi and Ag contents in metallic lead might as well highlight the metallurgical process used to obtain lead. High Bi contents in silver–lead bullions are shown to notably reduce the silver extraction yield

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

L'Héritier

Baron

Cassayre

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This can point to difficulties in supplying raw material, or indicate an economically deliberate choice regarding the production of these manuscripts during Charlemagne's reign. Numismatics analysis of Sarah [39] show us that silver coins under Charlemagne used the lowest the content of silver during this period, before the reform in 794, it could be attested by the second hypothesis.…”

Section: The Text and The Metal Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Illuminating the Carolingian era: new discoveries as a result of scientific analyses

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comparing information from the ancient texts about the illumination of the manuscripts to the analysis of the components used to create colour in illuminations sheds interesting light. Our research team studied several manuscripts from the Carolingian era issued from different sources including: the Gospels of St Riquier kept in the library of Abbeville (ms. 4), two Theodulphe's Bibles, (Orléans-Fleury, BnF lat.11937 and BnF lat.9380), the Godescalc Evangelistary (BnF NAL 1203), the Gospels of St Denis (BnF lat.9387) and the Gospels of St Médard de Soissons (BnF lat.8850), the last three from the court of Charlemagne, and all preserved at the French National Library. These most luxurious manuscripts were written and illuminated between the late eighth century and the first quarter of the ninth century. Through non-destructive portable visual and spectrometric analysis, our research team was able to identify the palette of materials used in scripts and illuminations and especially highlighted the amazing use of Egyptian blue in a very specific part of the illumination in the Godescalc Evangelistary. Our team also found that some substitutes including folium had been used instead of Tyrian purple for the decoration and to dye the parchment. These manuscripts, produced at the initiative of various patrons during Charlemagne's reign, reveal in the light of the material analysis and the reconstitutions' experiments by professional illuminators their differences and, beyond, the artistic diversity of this very particular period called the Carolingian Renaissance.

show abstract

“…270–271). Venice, though outside the empire, shadowed the Frankish coinage from around 820, for example, striking Christiana religio coins of slightly lower fineness on a large scale (Sarah, Bompaire, McCormick, Rovelli, & Guerrot, , pp. 378–381).…”

Section: Coin Circulation and The Economy Ca790–840mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coining it? Carolingian rulers and the Frankish coinage, ca. 750–900

Screen

2019

History Compass

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The story of the Frankish coinage is generally told from the Carolingian rulers' perspective as the rise and fall of royal control over minting. Increased coin finds have added nuance to this story by giving us new understanding of coin circulation and coin use. Recent studies confirm just how effectively Charlemagne and Louis the Pious controlled the Frankish coinage, which provided them with both political and economic benefits. Between 792/793 and 840, trade accelerated, and the Carolingian empire became increasingly monetised—though the use and availability of coins varied between regions. Tight royal control loosened after 840, when royal coinages became far more variable in quality. Around 880, the royal monopoly on striking coins was broken. From the perspective of traders and other coin users, having access to an acceptable means of exchange was more important than the availability of specifically royal coins. Trade could and did thrive in the world of regional coin circulation before 750 and after 840. Charlemagne and Louis the Pious's close royal control of the coinage, and the empire‐wide circulation of coins in 792/793–840, stand out as exceptional when set against the early medieval norm of regional coin production and circulation in Francia. The article is accompanied by an appendix introducing key resources for Carolingian numismatics.

show abstract

Analyses élémentaires de monnaies de Charlemagne et Louis le Pieux du Cabinet des Médailles : l'Italie carolingienne et Venise

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

Illuminating the Carolingian era: new discoveries as a result of scientific analyses

Coining it? Carolingian rulers and the Frankish coinage, ca. 750–900

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About