Analogue modelling of the interaction between tectonics, erosion and sedimentation in foreland thrust belts

Graveleau, Fabien; Dominguez, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.crte.2008.01.005

Cited by 85 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Wobus et al 2003;Hodges et al 2004;Wobus et al 2005)-a process efficiently dissipated the excessive gravitational potential energy of the Tibetan plateau (Hodges et al 2004). It is generally accepted that an OOST can form in an orogenic disequilibrium caused by relocation of rock mass by widespread erosion (review by Graveleau and Dominguez 2008). (ii) The channel flow was restricted to the upper part of the HHSZ, and the lower boundary of extrusion defined by the OOST (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of channel flow analogue models for extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone with special reference to the out-of-sequence thrusting

Mukherjee

Koyi

Talbot

2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Higher Himalayan Shear Zone (HHSZ) contains a ductile top-to-N/NE shear zone-the South Tibetan detachment system-lower (STDS L ) and an out-ofsequence thrust (OOST) as well as a top-to-N/NE normal shear at its northern boundary and ubiquitously distributed compressional top-to-S/SW shear throughout the shear zone. The OOST that was active between 22 Ma and the Holocene, varies in thickness from 50 m to 6 km and in throw from 1.4 to 20 km. Channel flow analogue models of this structural geology were performed in this work. A Newtonian viscous polymer (PDMS) was pushed through a horizontal channel leading to an inclined channel with parallel and upward-diverging boundaries analogous to the HHSZ and allowed to extrude to the free surface. A top-to-N/NE shear zone equivalent to the STDS U developed spontaneously. This also indirectly connotes an independent flow confined to the southern part of the HHSZ gave rise to the STDS L . The PDMS originally inside the horizontal channel extruded at a faster rate through the upper part of the inclined channel. The lower boundary of this faster PDMS defined the OOST. The model OOST originated at the corner and reached the vent at positions similar to the natural prototype some time after the channel flow began. The genesis of the OOST seems to be unrelated to any rheologic contrast or climatic effects. Profound variations in the flow parameters along the HHSZ and the extrusive force probably resulted in variations in the timing, location, thickness and slip parameters of the OOST. Variation in pressure gradient within the model horizontal channel, however, could not be matched with the natural prototype. Channel flow alone presumably did not result in southward propagation of deformation in the Himalaya.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of channel flow analogue models for extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone with special reference to the out-of-sequence thrusting

Mukherjee

Koyi

Talbot

2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Nevertheless, not many rainfall-erosion experiments had been conducted until recently, probably because some factors involved in the experiment are difficult to control or measure, and the experiment procedure is simply too tedious and time-consuming. In recent years, progress in experimental techniques, especially techniques measuring surface topography, and the increasingly recognized necessity of substantial time series data for numerical and theoretical analyses (e.g., Humphrey and Konrad, 2000) have encouraged researchers to conduct rainfall erosion experiments (e.g., Czirók et al, 1993;Crave et al, 2000;Hasbargen and Paola, 2000;Hancock and Willgoose, 2001;Bonnet and Crave, 2003;Pelletier, 2003;Babault et al, 2005;Turowski et al, 2006;Graveleau and Dominguez, 2008). I have been conducting a series of rainfall erosion experiments, in which miniature erosion landforms develop with artificial rainfall on a flat-surfaced square mound of a fine sand and clay mixture, to examine the morphological characteristics of small-scale experimental landforms (Ouchi, 1996(Ouchi, , 2001(Ouchi, , 2004Ouchi and Matsushita, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of uplift on the development of experimental erosion landform generated by artificial rainfall

Ouchi

2011

Geomorphology

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“…Hancock and Willgoose, 2001;Lague et al, 2003;Graveleau and Dominguez, 2008;Sweeny et al, 2015) could also be considered so. Such experiments can control variables such as rainfall and uplift that are impossible to precisely control in nature (e.g.…”

Section: Laboratory-derivedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective – synthetic DEMs: A vital underpinning for the quantitative future of landform analysis?

2015

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Abstract. Physical processes, including anthropogenic feedbacks, sculpt planetary surfaces (e.g. Earth's). A fundamental tenet of geomorphology is that the shapes created, when combined with other measurements, can be used to understand those processes. Artificial or synthetic digital elevation models (DEMs) might be vital in progressing further with this endeavour in two ways. First, synthetic DEMs can be built (e.g. by directly using governing equations) to encapsulate the processes, making predictions from theory. A second, arguably underutilised, role is to perform checks on accuracy and robustness that we dub "synthetic tests". Specifically, synthetic DEMs can contain a priori known, idealised morphologies that numerical landscape evolution models, DEM-analysis algorithms, and even manual mapping can be assessed against. Some such tests, for instance examining inaccuracies caused by noise, are moderately commonly employed, whilst others are much less so. Derived morphological properties, including metrics and mapping (manual and automated), are required to establish whether or not conceptual models represent reality well, but at present their quality is typically weakly constrained (e.g. by mapper inter-comparison). Relatively rare examples illustrate how synthetic tests can make strong "absolute" statements about landform detection and quantification; for example, 84 % of valley heads in the real landscape are identified correctly. From our perspective, it is vital to verify such statistics quantifying the properties of landscapes as ultimately this is the link between physics-driven models of processes and morphological observations that allows quantitative hypotheses to be tested. As such the additional rigour possible with this second usage of synthetic DEMs feeds directly into a problem central to the validity of much of geomorphology. Thus, this note introduces synthetic tests and DEMs and then outlines a typology of synthetic DEMs along with their benefits, challenges, and future potential to provide constraints and insights. The aim is to discuss how we best proceed with uncertainty-aware landscape analysis to examine physical processes.

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Analogue modelling of the interaction between tectonics, erosion and sedimentation in foreland thrust belts

Cited by 85 publications

References 35 publications

Implications of channel flow analogue models for extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone with special reference to the out-of-sequence thrusting

Implications of channel flow analogue models for extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Shear Zone with special reference to the out-of-sequence thrusting

Effects of uplift on the development of experimental erosion landform generated by artificial rainfall

Perspective – synthetic DEMs: A vital underpinning for the quantitative future of landform analysis?

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