Analog Based Routing Algorithm using Ant Agents for MANETs (ABRAAM)

Ramkumar, K.; Ravichandran, C.S.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.365

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The routing algorithms available for MANETs are not applicable to IoT because IoT focuses more on Machine to Machine communications and deals with smart devices [18]. • Analog Metrics: The significance of analog metrics (Angle of arrival, Time of arrival and Signal strength) has not been fully explored to discover the sustainable and durable links or paths for the successful payload delivery [33]. • Signal Noise ratio: The existing standards are not considering the effect of noise in the routing and payload delivery process fully, it is not found any heuristic approach of content delivery in IoT based on Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) [28,29,46,51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Analog Metrics: These can be used to find the probability of the goodness of the path for the reliable payload delivery. Protocol such as ABRAAM [33], shows the advantages of using the analog metrics (Angle of arrival, time of arrival and signal strength) such as reduced end-to-end delay etc. • Heterogeneity: The heterogeneity metric can be defined with respect to the various vendors, variety of devices, various manufacturers, various protocols, variety of hardware and software etc.…”

Section: A Review Of Various Swarmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

Agnihotri¹,

Ramkumar

2017

J. Today’s Ideas - Tomorrow’s Technol.

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The paper provides insight into various swarm intelligence based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of Internet of Things. These include the reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity etc. The MANETs and WSNs routing issues impose almost same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of the worldwide researchers is focused on this area. protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. The swarm intelligence is applied to achieve the optimality and the efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ACO technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that, the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. As the various standard protocols available for MANETs and WSNs are not reliable enough, the paper finds the need of some efficient routing algorithms for IoT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of Various Swarmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

Agnihotri¹,

Ramkumar

2017

J. Today’s Ideas - Tomorrow’s Technol.

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“…After finding the research gaps, it has been found that these algorithms can be improved upon or can work more efficiently, if included with more factors such as analog metrics (Ramkumar and Ravichandran, 2012) and content awareness (Gil et al , 2016).…”

Section: Introduction Of New Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters have only been taken for satellite communication but can be applied to the IoT architecture and their routing issues specifically. Focusing on these metrics, Ramkumar and Ravichandran (2012) proposed an algorithm known as Analog-Based Routing Algorithm using Ant Agents for MANETs (ABRAAM). The paper mentions that using these metrics, the reliability of the path can be easily improved upon and the payload size can also be preset.…”

Section: Introduction Of New Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey and comparative analysis of the various routing protocols of Internet of Things

Agnihotri¹,

Ramkumar

2017

IJPCC

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into various swarm intelligence-based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of IoT. These include privacy, security, reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity, etc. The routing issues of MANETs and WSNs impose almost the same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of worldwide researchers is focused on this area. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides the literature review for various standard routing protocols. The different comparative analysis of the routing protocols is done. The paper surveys various routing protocols available for the seamless connectivity of things in IoT. Various features, advantages and challenges of the said protocols are discussed. The protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence is applied to achieve optimality and efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ant colony optimization technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Findings Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. Research limitations/implications The existing protocols do not solve all reliability issues and efficient routing is still not achieved completely. As of now no techniques or protocols are efficient enough to cover all the issues and provide the solution. There is a need to develop new protocols for the communication which will cater to all these needs. Efficient and scalable routing protocols adaptable to different scenarios and network size variation capable to find optimal routes are required. Practical implications The various routing protocols are discussed and there is also an introduction to new parameters which can strengthen the protocols. This can lead to encouragement of readers, as well as researchers, to analyze and develop new routing algorithms. Social implications The paper provides better understanding of the various routing protocols and provides better comparative analysis for the use of swarm-based research methodology in the development of routing algorithms exclusively for the IoT. Originality/value This is a review paper which discusses the various routing protocols available for MANETs and WSNs and provides the groundwork for the development of new intelligent routing protocols for IoT.

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“…To enable such availability Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) play a vital role, as it provides communication without any fixed infrastructure. Environment created by MANETs [1] [2] [3] emerges as a miscellany of wireless nodes which forms a network for a short span without any assistance of centralized infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ET-OLSR: Energy based Threshold Optimized Link State Routing for MANETs

Kaur¹,

Aulakh²

2014

IJCA

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Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are the one where each node participating has many roles assigned, that is of a receiver, transmitter and router. Hence, energy in abundance is expected to be expended on each role to achieve the normal working. Also, mobility factor of this infrastructure-less administration forces the nodes to confide on battery energy. Battery being a limited entity fails to fulfill the high demand of energy with time. Scarcity of battery life and the additional energy requirements for supporting network operations (e.g. routing) inside every node, make the energy conservation one of the peer concern in ad hoc networking. Significant research effort has been made on efficient use of energy. Several exemplary techniques include transmission power control, load distribution, power management and sleep mode approach. This paper takes up a new optimized energy consumption algorithm emanated from power management technique to be put into effect on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. The procedure follows a threshold value for each node that indicates whether the node should participate in path discovery for a packet. Eventually, the contrast behavior of OLSR is examined. For that, extensive simulations have been carried with a network setup, such that the nodes less than this specified threshold value get eliminated from route. Comparison graphs plotted for new Energy Threshold OLSR (ET-OLSR) and OLSR conclude that performance of new protocol outshines in terms of energy consumption and packet delivery ratio.

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Analog Based Routing Algorithm using Ant Agents for MANETs (ABRAAM)

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

A survey and comparative analysis of the various routing protocols of Internet of Things

ET-OLSR: Energy based Threshold Optimized Link State Routing for MANETs

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