Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Kakao Di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat

Abstract

Increased competitive advantage (competitiveness) of Indonesia cocoa becomes an important agenda in order face tight global competition. This research aimed (1) to determine the competitive advantage (Comparative Advantage) of cocoa commodities; (2) to investigate the competitive advantage of cocoa commodities (comparative advantage); (3. The research used a descriptivi-qualitative approach. The population included 5 regencies in West Sulawesi Province. The secondary data were obtained from the work force in the cocoa plantation in both West Sulawesi Province and lndonesia and from both the West Sulawesi Provincial Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the National Central Statistics Agency. The analyses used were the Locational Qoutient (LQ) and SWOT analyses. The research results revealed that the cocoa commodities in West Sulawesi Province had a comparative advantage in the labor force in the cocoa plantation Sector. In general, since the last five years has the value of LQ> 1 or the average reaches 8.47. While the comparative advantage of the land area of cocoa based on a comparison with the Sulawesi area LQ value reached 2.99 in 2012. While the 2013-2014 experienced a drastic 0,95 and 0,89. That matter decline due to land conversion from cocoa to sawait.

What Makes Cocoa Farmers Convert Cocoa Land? Case Study: Two Cocoa Producing Districts in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

“…However, as time passed, GERNAS could not survive for long (Maulana & Kartiasih, 2017). The rejuvenation of cocoa trees, which needs more attention to its sustainability, has made farmers interested in converting cocoa land and leaving GERNAS (Syamsuddin & Muhammad, 2014). The impact is a decrease in cocoa ore production in Indonesia.…”

“…Besides oil and gas, cocoa is one of the most important export commodities as a foreign exchange earner. Indonesia is the world's third cocoa producer behind Ghana and the Ivory Coast (Syamsuddin & Muhammad, 2014); (Suryana et al, 2014). In 2009, the government even made a policy of a National Movement (GERNAS) to plant cocoa plants on a large scale in several regions in Indonesia to respond to global cocoa demand.…”

“…The low level of productivity of the plantation is due to the lack of adequate maintenance of the plants being cultivated, and the mastery of production technology still needs to be improved. Low productivity affects farmers' income (Syamsuddin & Muhammad, 2014). Productivity is inseparable from the quality of the crop.…”

“…In the last 20 years, the development of cocoa plantation land area has been relatively rapid (Syamsuddin & Muhammad, 2014). However, from 2012 to 2016, there was a decline in cocoa production in Indonesia.…”