Analisis ekologi bentanglahan di Taman Nasional Baluran dan sekitarnya

Abstract

Taman Nasional Baluran memiliki kondisi geomorfologi dan iklim yang khas sehingga dapat membentuk sabana. Masalah yang terjadi di Taman Nasional Baluran adalah adanya perubahan penutup lahan seiring berjalannya waktu. Kondisi tersebut diikuti dengan perubahan struktur ekologi bentanglahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penutup lahan berdasarkan aspek geomorfologi dan dinamika perubahannya di Taman Nasional Baluran. Teknik sistem informasi geografis dan penginderaan jauh digunakan untuk menginterpretasi kondisi geomorfologi dan penutup lahan. Analisis ini juga menggunakan software FRAGSTAT untuk mengkuantifikasi landscape metrics. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap penutup lahan memiliki pola sesuai dengan kondisi geomorfologi. Temuan lain menunjukkan bahwa penutup lahan semak dan belukar, sabana, serta hutan lahan rendah mengalami perubahan luas secara signifikan selama tahun 1997-2019. Fragmentasi yang terjadi pada penutup lahan di Taman Nasional Baluran, terutama sabana yang mengalami penurunan luas, turut mengancam kelestarian habitat flora dan fauna asli. Baluran National Park has unique geomorphology and climate conditions, so savannas possibly formed. The problem that happened in Baluran National Park is the land cover changes over time. The condition then followed by the change of landscape ecology structures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze land cover patterns based on geomorphological aspects and the change dynamics in Baluran National Park. Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques were used to interpret the geomorphological and land cover condition. This analysis also used FRAGSTAT software to quantify landscape metrics. The result showed that each land cover has a pattern in accordance with geomorphological characteristics. Other findings showed that the land cover of shrubs, savannas, and lowland forests underwent significant changes during 1997-2019. The fragmentation that has occurred on Baluran National Park’s land cover, especially savannas that have decreased in area, also threatens the preservation of native flora and fauna habitats.

Spatial pattern analysis of land cover changes using Fragstat in Kendal Delta, Kendal Regency, Central Java

“…These changes can affect changes in habitat biodiversity which can later affect changes in resources [26]. The land cover that experienced a significant increase in the ED value was the rice field and settlement, this shows that the land cover has a fairly high edge density when viewed from the edge aspect [27]. A high ED value indicates that the edge area is very wide, which indicates that there is fragmentation or a change in structure from homogeneous to heterogeneous [26].…”

“…The Mean Shape Index (MSI) is an indicator of the shape of the fragment. The shape of the patch becomes more regular if the MS value is close to 1 with a square or circle shape [27]. In 1989 the MSI values for all land cover tended to be high, even reaching 3, indicating an The MNN value indicates the level of land cover spatial isolation and is an indicator of landscape connectivity.…”