Análisis De Las Capturas De Tiburones Y Rayas en Las Pesquerías Artesanales De Tárcoles, Pacífico Central De Costa Rica

Abstract

Se analizaron las capturas de tiburones y rayas látigo realizadas por pescadores artesanales de Tárcoles en el Pacífico de Costa Rica, desde febrero del 2006 hasta febrero del 2007. Se observaron 415 faenas de pesca (línea de fondo, trasmallo y línea rayera): 340 correspondieron a observaciones de descarga y 75 (18.1%) a observaciones a bordo. Durante las descargas se analizaron 3299 tiburones y rayas látigo: el tiburón mamón enano (Mustelus henlei) dominó en la captura total (63.7%), seguido por el tiburón mamón común (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), el tiburón picudo común (Rhizoprionodon longurio) 6.9% y el tiburón martillo común (Sphyrna lewini) 6.1%. A su vez, la raya látigo (D. longa) y el tiburón picudo fucsia (Nasolamia velox) representaron un 3.5% y 2.6% de la captura total, respectivamente. En los 75 viajes a bordo se capturó un total de 6.458 peces, de los cuales solo el 4.4% (240 individuos) fueron tiburones y rayas látigo. M. henlei fue nuevamente la especie más abundante (50.4%), le siguieron R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), y por último, M. lunulatus (2.5%). Debido a la estacionalidad y abundancia de tiburones mamones en la zona de Herradura, se recomienda un cierre técnico en enero-febrero y setiembre-octubre, meses con las mayores capturas. También se recomienda la protección de la zona del Peñón, ya que es utilizada por la raya látigo y por los juveniles del tiburón martillo.From February 2006 to February 2007, we analyzed shark and rays captures by the artisanal fishermen from Tárcoles, in the Pacific of Costa Rica. We observed 415 fishing operations (bottom line, gillnet and ray line): 340 dock landing observations and 75 (18.1%) on board observations. During the landing observations, we analyzed 3299 sharks and rays: the brown smooth hound (Mustelus henlei) was the most common species (63.7%), followed by the common smooth hound (Mustelus lunulatus) (16.7%), the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) (6.9%) and the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) (6.1%). The longtail stingray (Dasyatis longa) and the whitenose shark (Nasolamia velox) represented the 3.5% and 2.6% of the total catch, respectively. During 75 fishing trips, we analyzed 6.458 fish individuals, of them only 4.4% (240 individuals) were sharks and longtail stingrays. Among these, M. henlei was also the most abundant species (50.4%), followed by R. longurio (21.7%), D. longa (13.8%), N. velox (5.8%), S. lewini (5.8%), and M. lunulatus (2.5%). Considering the seasonality and abundance of smooth hound sharks in Herradura, we recommend a technical closure during the higher catch months (January-February and September-October). Also, we recommend protecting the Peñón, which is inhabited by adults of longtail stingray and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks.

Chondrichthyan Diversity, Conservation Status, and Management Challenges in Costa Rica

“…These areas accounted for 75 studies (62% of the total number of studies analyzed). Fisheries was the category with most studies (n = 28), and they generally focused on relatively short-term (<10 year) surveys of the elasmobranch by-catch associated with coastal (López-Garro et al, 2009;López-Garro and Zanella, 2015;Clarke et al, 2016) and pelagic fisheries (Whoriskey et al, 2011;Dapp et al, 2013), This list excludes any regional and global-scale study.…”

“…In Costa Rica, SSF are highly dynamic, with both spatial and temporal variations in fishing effort along the coastline (Salas et al, 2007;Araya, 2013). These fisheries operate mainly in the Pacific and land up to 20 species of sharks and rays (Figure 4), some of which are targeted during reproductive aggregations and in nursery grounds (López-Garro et al, 2009;López-Garro and Zanella, 2015;Clarke et al, 2017). Shark catches in SSF are an important source of low-cost protein for the national consumer market (Herrera-Ulloa et al, 2011).…”

“…A recent risk assessment identified S. lewini as one of the most vulnerable bycatch species (Clarke et al, 2017). Based on our knowledge of the interaction of S. lewini with coastal and pelagic fisheries, precautionary measures should (i) regulate and/or ban the use of coastal gillnets during pupping/breeding seasons (López-Garro et al, 2009;Zanella and López-Garro, 2015), and (ii) reduce fishing effort offshore, particularly during adult reproductive migrations (Zanella and López-Garro, 2015). Catch and effort should then be monitored to evaluate fisheries impact on population trends (Figure 6).…”

Notas sobre la biología del tiburón mamona <i>Mustelus lunulatus</i> (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae) en el Pacífico Central ecuatoriano

“…Tomando en cuenta las características biológicas de los elasmobranquios como crecimiento lento, madurez tardía y baja fecundidad (Cortés 2000, Frisk et al 2001, la vulnerabilidad particular de M. lunulatus por los efectos de la pesca, y, su importancia como recurso pesquero en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical (Aguilar et al 2007, Martínez-Ortiz et al 2007, López-Garro et al 2009, Furlong-Estrada et al 2014, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir algunos aspectos biológicos de M. lunulatus y aportar información de la especie en el área central del Pacífico ecuatoriano.…”

Size-weight relationships of batoids captured by artisanal fishery in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico

“…Batoids are a major component of trawl fisheries bycatch worldwide (Benoit, ; Navia & Mejía‐Falla, ). These species are associated with artisanal fisheries which provide sustenance and food security to fishermen and inhabitants of coastal regions (López‐Garro, Arauz‐Vargas, Zanella, & Le Foulgo, ). The same occurs in the Gulf of California; batoids are commonly fished by the artisanal fisheries as well as bycatch by shrimp and gillnet fisheries (Ramírez‐Amaro et al., ).…”