Analisis Dampak Reklamasi Terhadap Lingkungan Dan Perikanan Di Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Reklamasi pantai Teluk Jakarta merupakan rencana pemerintah yang ditujukan untuk mengendalikan banjir di Kota Jakarta dan pengembangan area bisnis yang tumbuh semakin pesat. Reklamasi dilaksanakan dengan membangun tanggul raksasa sepanjang 60 km di Teluk Jakarta dan pembangunan 18 pulau kecil di depan pantai. Reklamasi pantai dapat memberikan dampak terhadap lingkungan perairan dan perikanan. Dalam rangka pelaksanaan pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis dampak reklamasi terhadap kondisi kualitas air dan perikanan di teluk Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak reklamasi terhadap kondisi kualitas air dan perikanan melalui analisis data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reklamasi pantai menambah tekanan terhadap kondisi lingkungan perairan yang diindikasikan oleh penurunan kecerahan perairan, salinitas dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton dan makrozoobenthos. Reklamasi pantai akan menghilangkan daerah penangkapan sero, bagan tancap dan keramba kerang hijau, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan produksi ikan. Potensi penurunan produksi ikan yang akan terjadi sekitar 82,2 ton/tahun. Di sisi lain, bagian timur Teluk Jakarta mempunyai potensi sebagai daerah asuhan ikan dan udang. Reklamasi pantai akan mengganggu fungsi ekologis Teluk Jakarta sebagai daerah asuhan ikan dan udang. Reklamasi Teluk Jakarta dapat dilaksanakan dengan disertai upaya pengelolaan kawasan untuk menjaga peran dan fungsi ekologisnya.Coastal reclamation in Jakarta Bay is one of government planning as flood disaster management and business development area that has been grow very fast. A 60 km of giant sea wall and 18 small reclamation islands in Jakarta Bay will be developed. Coastal reclamation will have an impact on environment and fisheries. In the context of sustainable fisheries management, an impact analysis of coastal reclamation on water quality and fisheries are needed. Research objectives are to analyze the coastal reclamation impact on water quality and fisheries in Jakarta Bay, through primary and secondary data analysis. Results showed that coastal reclamation adds pressure to water quality indicated by decreasing the water transparency, salinity and the value of diversity index of phytoplankton and makrozoobenthos. Coastal reclamation will eliminate the fishing area of set net (stationary fishing gear), stationary lift net and green mussel trap nets, resulting in fish production loss. The potential decrease of fish production is about 82,2 ton/yr . On the other side, Jakarta Bay has a potential area of fish and shrimp nursery ground in the eastern part of the bay. Coastal reclamation will disrupt its ecological function as nursery ground. Reclamation of Jakarta Bay can be carried out along with area management to maintain its ecological role and function.

Protection Efforts for Small Fishermen in Jakarta Bay Due to Reclamation

“…The results showed a decrease in the level of water brightness in 2014 which amounted to 5.84m to 4.42 in 2016. [13] The possibility of further impacts from increased turbidity is the occurrence of sedimentation and sediment deposition to the bottom of the water that can change the bottom of the water.…”

“…The condition of mangrove forests in the Bay of Jakarta has experienced degradation, which is a shrinkage of the area and reduced species diversity. [13] The impact of the reclamation development of islands C and D that have been felt by fishermen is the increasingly routine occurrence of tidal or tidal events in their area of residence. The tide usually only occurred in the east season back then, but now, it happens almost every day.…”

Reklamasi Di Teluk Jakarta Dan Perubahan Sosial Pada Masyarakat Nelayan Di Cilincing Jakarta Utara

“…Pembangunan pulau di Teluk Jakarta karena kebijakan reklamasi, berakibat pada beberapa perubahan. Perubahan tersebut mencakup perubahan pada ekosistem di Teluk Jakarta (Puspasari et al, 2017), perubahan oseanografi di dalam Teluk Jakarta (Pranowo et al, 2014), maupun perubahan flora dan fauna pada pesisir Teluk Jakarta (Kusmana, 2014). Perubahan tersebut secara tidak langsung telah mendorong terjadinya perubahan sosial pada masyarakat perikanan di Teluk Jakarta (Zulham et al, 2017).…”

Co-management in mangrove rehabilitation at langkat regency

“…Where the coastal area which is ideal as a buffer against tidal waves going to the mainland is now being built into an apartment area, mall, and also recreation facilities in the coastal area [2]. The change of an area into various designations is influenced by various factors, including factors such as the level of income, political interests, and the public's perspective on the use of an area.…”