Análise epidemiológica das fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas no município de Feira de Santana: estudo de corte transversal

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: As fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas representam 65% das anomalias craniofaciais e constituem um problema de saúde pública, devido às diversas implicações que geram ao portador. OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de fissura labial e/ou palatina, naturais de Feira de Santana, atendidos no Centro de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais do Hospital Santo Antônio (Salvador-BA), no período de 2008 a 2013. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Caracteriza-se como estudo epidemiológico observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado através das informações dos prontuários do referido centro. Dezoito prontuários compuseram a amostra final deste estudo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva no programa SPSS, versão 17.0. RESULTADOS: As fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas foram encontradas, principalmente, em indivíduos do sexo feminino (66.7%); 50% chegou ao centro com menos de 1 ano; 90,3% de procedência urbana e 61,5% possuía renda familiar mensal de 1-3 salários mínimos. Prevaleceram as fissuras transforame incisivo unilateral (27,7%). Nenhum dos indivíduos havia sido submetido à cirurgia antes de ingressar ao serviço; 88% realizou tratamento cirúrgico no referido centro, sendo as queiloplastias (40%) e as palatoplastias (36%) as cirurgias mais realizadas. A maioria (71,4%) das mães dos portadores apresentaram idade entre 26-34 anos no momento da concepção; 53,8% possuía nível médio de escolaridade e 44,4% utilizou medicamentos durante a gestação. Um caso de consanguinidade foi relatado. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados apontam a necessidade de desenvolver programas de prevenção e tratamento multiprofissional direcionado aos indivíduos com fissura labial e/ou palatina, naturais da cidade de Feira de Santana e microrregiões.

Epidemiologic profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial cleft in Brazil: a descriptive study

“… 19 , 20 For maternal age, there is no consensus in the literature. Although the age group from 20 to 29 years was more predominant in this and other studies, 14 , 15 , 23 the literature also points to a higher occurrence of OC in children whose mothers were of intermediate age, up to 34 years of age, 16 , 22 , 23 and advanced age, from 35 years onwards. 25 Maternal age differences may have occurred due to possible methodological differences in the studies or possible confounding factors in the analyzed populations.…”

“…With regard to socioeconomic and demographic variables, the profile of OC was in agreement with the literature. 14 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 27 Despite the distribution of mothers with an average education level among those born with OC in Brazil, it is known that low schooling is a predominant Brazilian characteristic in the profile of neonatal deaths. 28 …”

“…22 With regard to socioeconomic and demographic variables, the profile of OC was in agreement with the literature. 14,16,22,23,27 Despite the distribution of mothers with an average education level among those born with OC in Brazil, it is known that low schooling is a predominant Brazilian characteristic in the profile of neonatal deaths. 28 Only five [6][7][8]28,29 studies were found in the literature regarding the prevalence of OC using SINASC data for the entire country, but none of them covered the entire time period selected for the present analysis.…”

“…5,6 In Brazil, these studies are mostly locally specific, as they propose to describe this event using local data from a specific city, state or region. [14][15][16] Thus, it is essential to study population data in a national context, not only to derive situational knowledge on the OC problem in Brazil, but also to aid the planning of public policies for assistance and prevention. 17 Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile and prevalence of live births with isolated OC in Brazil between 1999 and 2020.…”