“…Of these, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling eligibility criteria regarding participants ( n = 6; Vaeyens et al, 2007a ; Sáez-Gallego et al, 2013 ; Laffer et al, 2019 ; Cardoso et al, 2021a , b ; Vítor de Assis et al, 2021 ), exposure ( n = 6; Park, 2003 ; Jafarzadehpur et al, 2007 ; Núñez et al, 2009 ; Cañal-Bruland et al, 2011 ; Lex et al, 2015 ; Millard et al, 2020 ), comparators ( n = 11; Shank and Haywood, 1987 ; Helsen and Starkes, 1999 ; Nagano et al, 2004 ; Zhang and Watanabe, 2005 ; North et al, 2009 ; Lee, 2010 ; van der Kamp, 2011 ; Roca et al, 2013 ; Wu et al, 2013 ; Uchida et al, 2014 ; Gorman et al, 2015 ), or outcomes ( n = 1; Vater et al, 2019 ). Table 2 provides details about the 22 studies included in our review (Williams et al, 1994 ; Vickers, 1996b ; Williams and Davids, 1997 , 1998 ; Martell and Vickers, 2004 ; Vaeyens et al, 2007a ; McRobert et al, 2009 , 2011 ; Schorer and Baker, 2009 ; Roca et al, 2011 ; Afonso et al, 2012 ; Afonso and Mesquita, 2013 ; Rivilla-García et al, 2013 ; Vansteenkiste et al, 2014 ; Krzepota et al, 2016 ; Castro et al, 2017 ; Sarpeshkar et al, 2017 ; Klostermann et al, 2018 ; Abellán et al, 2019 ; Moeinirad et al, 2020 ; Natsuhara et al, 2020 ; Ribeiro et al, 2021 ). A manual search within the reference lists of these studies revealed 15 potentially relevant titles, of which 11 had appeared in our database searches.…”