In recent years the pattern of food consumption in Brazil has suffered several modifications on porpoise of nutritional transition, marked by the intensively high consumption of high-calorie, high in fats, simple sugars, sodium and low consumption of fruits, vegetables and unprocessed foods. This work of longitudinal character has main objective to evaluate the change of nutritional status of students in the public education of basic education Guariba (State of São Paulo), in the 2013-2016 three years, estimating the variables associated to changes of state nutritional, and analyze the energy intake, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and your relationship with nutritional status. For the nutritional evaluation of the students analyzed the anthropometric indicators (Z score of body mass index). Information relating to the consumption of food, qualitative and quantitative, were obtained through the adoption of 2 (two) 24 hour recall (in two phases-F1 and F2), and the prevalence of inadequacy of consumption of micronutrients were calculated using the recommendations indicated for each age stratum nutritional. The prevalence of overweight students (49.58%) especially regarding the proportion of obese (15.60%), and significant changes in increasing the body mass index (BMI) with the elapse of time. As for the consumption of macronutrients carbohydrates, proteins and fats are saturated above the recommended values of dietary recommendations. As for micronutrients, the findings are similar to national data regarding the inadequacy of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. It was possible to capture association between physical inactivity, measured by "screen time", with the increase in BMI in the second phase of the research. The number of inactive students tends to favor the increasing rates of overweight and obesity in the population studied, since a high percentage of students classified as obese are sedentary (96.43%, in Stage 2). Municipal public health policies directed to guidance of adolescents enrolled in schools teaching basic education urge to be deployed, with the intention that this population with high rates of chronic diseases related to poor quality of diet, physical inactivity and overweight in adulthood.