Análise da participação dos autoprodutores e produtores independentes de energia no setor elétrico brasileiro.

Abstract

Historically, the electric power supply in Brazil has a role that stands out in the domestic economic growth, due to its capacity to add revenue through the promotion to large-sized industries. Its strong association in the composition of the domestic revenue is of general concern of all individuals involved and interested in the power supply in Brazil, which, in the norms of recent governances, discuss the priority of the investments for the sector. The nationalization of the sector, formerly controlled by small-sized private investors, delegated the State the assignment of promoting its development, providing an energy offer that could accompany the demand increases observed in Brazil. On the other hand, the Government invested and assumed the expansion of the generator park in Brazil, with the construction of some significant work, such as Itaipu and Paulo Afonso, among others. With the development of the economy, the existing work became insufficient, taking into account a strong increase of the demand in all levels of consumption: industrial, commercial and residential. The solution for this obstacle was the privatization of the sector, aiming at investments of the private enterprise, through concessions granted by the State Government. With the proposal of stimulating the sector, various actions were taken to format the sector, which separated the verticalized state companies in the power generation, distribution, transmission and commercialization sectors. The companies that distribute power were the pioneers in the process for assets transfer, followed by the power generation and transmission sectors. Through the opening provided by the Government as from the PND (National Plan for Privatization), the Brazilian electric sector has been experiencing a restructuring, based on experiences of countries such as the United Kingdom, which is a pioneer in the creation of independent distribution, transmission and generation companies, enabling a major efficiency for the power business, and, at the same time, transferring the responsibility of new investments to private agents.