Analgesic Ladder Approach

Hadley, Graham R.; Jones, Mark R.; Kaye, Alan D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_202

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced an analgesic ladder to determine the degree of pain and appropriate pharmacotherapy in cancer pain and acute and chronic painful non-cancer disorders. Non-opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs or acetaminophen are the drugs of choice on the first step of this analgesic ladder for the treatment of mild pain and as supportive drugs on the higher steps [2,3]. They are among the most commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Janicka

Sałek

Sawińska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Skin and gastrointestinal cancer cells are the target of research by many scientists due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates around the world. New indications for drugs used in various conditions are being discovered. Non-opioid analgesics are worth noting as very popular, widely available, relatively cheap medications. They also have the ability to modulate the membrane components of tumor cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol on skin and gastrointestinal cancers cell membrane. These drugs may affect the membrane through topical application, at the in vitro and in vivo level after oral or parenteral administration. They can lead to up- or downregulated expression of receptors, transporters and other molecules associated with plasma membrane. Medications may also alter the lipid bilayer composition of membrane, resulting in changes in its integrity and fluidity. Described modulations can cause the visualization of cancer cells, enhanced response of the immune system and the initiation of cell death. The outcome of this is inhibition of progression or reduction of tumor mass and supports chemotherapy. In conclusion, non-opioid analgesics may be used in the future as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of these cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Janicka

Sałek

Sawińska

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Attitudes toward and Barriers to Acetaminophen Use in the Chronic Pain Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Foo

Hoff

Sekhri

et al. 2020

Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy

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The non-operative management of primary osteoarthritis

et al. 2022

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Osteoarthritis is a syndrome characterised by joint pain, resulting in functional limitation and a decreased quality of life. This chronic condition is one of the major public health problems facing society today and is likely to become more prevalent. The expected increase is because of the primary causative factors, advancing age and obesity, becoming increasingly prevalent in society. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis can be made clinically when activity related joint pain is present, alongside morning joint stiffness that lasts for less than 30 minutes. However, a radiological diagnosis can also be made. This article examines the current management strategies, as outlined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for osteoarthritis. Although numerous surgical options are available, this article focuses on the non-operative strategies currently used. The emphasis in this article is on general principles of treatment rather than treatment options for specific joints.

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Analgesic Ladder Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Attitudes toward and Barriers to Acetaminophen Use in the Chronic Pain Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

The non-operative management of primary osteoarthritis

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