Analgesic and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract and fractions of Petersianthus macrocarpus

Orabueze, Celestina I.; Adesegun, SA; Coker, H. A. B.

doi:10.4103/0974-8490.182912

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The extracts could be assumed as practically safe and non-toxic. This result is in agreement with Olorunnisola et al (2012), Parasuraman et al (2014), Ugbogu et al (2016) and Adesegun et al (2016) that reported that the acute toxicity of plants could be considered practically non-toxic and safe above the oral administration of 5000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extracts of the aerial parts of Daucus carota L. in laboratory rats

Ayeni

Abubakar

Nuhu

et al. 2019

JOMPED

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Background: Daucus carota L. belongs to the family Apiaceae and it is commonly known as carrot. The aerial part is used in some Northern parts of Nigeria as a livestock feed without scientific evidence of its safety to animal and man.Aim: The study assessed the safety margins of the D. carota aerial parts.Setting: The aerial part of D. carota were sourced from cultivated farmland at the outskirts of Samaru, Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State and authenticated at Herbarium Unit of the Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. The aerial parts were air-dried under shade, pulverised and stored properly for analysis.Methods: According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) method, the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were carried on the crude extracts of the aerial parts to evaluate the safety of the healthy Wistar rats.Results: The findings from the oral acute toxicity study showed that there was no sign of toxicity and mortality at 5000 mg/kg in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The sub-acute toxicity graded doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg of these extracts revealed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) on body weight, haematological parameters, liver and kidney function parameters. The histopathological effects of the extracts revealed different morphological alterations in the liver and kidney when compared with the control group.Conclusion: The study concluded that the aerial parts of D. carota might not be safe for livestock and its consumption could be capable of causing liver, kidney, tissue injury and other related diseases to animal and man.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…All the rats were allowed free access to food and water throughout the duration of the study. Thirty per cent of the highest dose of LD 50 was based on the selection of the graded doses for the sub-acute toxicity study, as also reported by Adesegun, Celestina and Coker (2016).…”

Section: Sub-acute Toxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extracts of the aerial parts of Daucus carota L. in laboratory rats

Ayeni

Abubakar

Nuhu

et al. 2019

JOMPED

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“…This may be attributed to the incomplete absorption brought about by inherent factors limiting absorption in the gastro intestinal tract (Dennis, 1984). The present study agrees with the work done by Prasanth et al, (2015); Ugbogu et al, (2016); Kofi et al, (2014) and Adesegun et al, (2016);. Bruce, (2006) reported that any substance with LD 50 estimated to be greater than 2000-5000 mg/kg body weight given orally could be considered to be of low toxicity and safe.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and acute toxicity studies of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root extracts

Nuhu¹,

Haruna²,

Namadina³

et al. 2021

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes,nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological isorders. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. The study was carried out to ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. The study was carried out to determine Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and acute toxicity of Vitellaria paradoxa root and stem bark. The Vitellaria paradoxa was extracted with water and methanol, screened for their phytochemical properties and antioxidant effects. Chemo-microscopical studies revealed the presence of cellulose cell wall, lignin, calcium oxalate crystals, tannins, starch and mucilage while calcium carbonate was absent in the stem bark but present in the root. The average moisture contents were 7.30% and 6.80% in stem bark and root respectively. The water and ethanol/alcohol extractives were 24.0% and 20.0% for stem while 25.50% and 19.0% for the root respectively. Alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, carbohydrate and phenols were detected in both aqueous and methanol extracts while anthraquinones was absent in all the extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extract showed the following trend Ascorbic acid ˃ Stem bark extract˃ Root extract. Toxicity of the samples was expressed as LD50, it was found above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. These results suggested that Vitellaria paradoxa root and stem bark have moderate antioxidant potentials. Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of active antioxidant agents which can be used to treat various oxidative stress related diseases.

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“…[ 2 4 5 ] Polyphenols are mainly responsible for the astringency of many beverages and fruits (especially unripe), such as tea,[ 6 ] coffee,[ 6 ] wine,[ 7 ] aronia berry juice,[ 8 ] and persimmon. [ 9 ] Meanwhile, they also exist in many herbs. [ 10 11 ] Astringency is not only a tactile sensation but also a special flavor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel quantitative prediction approach for astringency level of herbs based on an electronic tongue

Han¹,

Jiang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Phcog Mag

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Background:The current astringency evaluation for herbs has become dissatisfied with the requirement of pharmaceutical process. It needed a new method to accurately assess astringency.Methods:First, quinine, sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, monosodium glutamate, and tannic acid (TA) were analyzed by electronic tongue (e-tongue) to determine the approximate region of astringency in partial least square (PLS) map. Second, different concentrations of TA were detected to define the standard curve of astringency. Meanwhile, coordinate-concentration relationship could be obtained by fitting the PLS abscissa of standard curve and corresponding concentration. Third, Chebulae Fructus (CF), Yuganzi throat tablets (YGZTT), and Sanlejiang oral liquid (SLJOL) were tested to define the region in PLS map. Finally, the astringent intensities of samples were calculated combining with the standard coordinate-concentration relationship and expressed by concentrations of TA. Then, Euclidean distance (Ed) analysis and human sensory test were processed to verify the results.Results:The fitting equation between concentration and abscissa of TA was Y = 0.00498 × e(−X/0.51035) + 0.10905 (r = 0.999). The astringency of 1, 0.1 mg/mL CF was predicted at 0.28, 0.12 mg/mL TA; 2, 0.2 mg/mL YGZTTs was predicted at 0.18, 0.11 mg/mL TA; 0.002, 0.0002 mg/mL SLJOL was predicted at 0.15, 0.10 mg/mL TA. The validation results showed that the predicted astringency of e-tongue was basically consistent to human sensory and was more accuracy than Ed analysis.Conclusion:The study indicated the established method was objective and feasible. It provided a new quantitative method for astringency of herbs.SUMMARY The astringency of Chebulae Fructus, Yuganzi throat tablets, and Sanlejiang oral liquid was predicted by electronic tongueEuclidean distance analysis and human sensory test verified the resultsA new strategy which was objective, simple, and sensitive to compare astringent intensity of herbs and preparations was provided. Abbreviations used: CF: Chebulae Fructus; E-tongue: Electronic tongue; Ed: Euclidean distance; PLS: Partial least square; PCA: Principal component analysis; SLJOL: Sanlejiang oral liquid; TA: Tannic acid; VAS: Visual analog scale; YGZTT: Yuganzi throat tablets.

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Analgesic and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract and fractions of Petersianthus macrocarpus

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extracts of the aerial parts of Daucus carota L. in laboratory rats

Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extracts of the aerial parts of Daucus carota L. in laboratory rats

Pharmacognostic, antioxidant and acute toxicity studies of Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark and root extracts

A novel quantitative prediction approach for astringency level of herbs based on an electronic tongue

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