Analgesic and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Diethyl Ether and n‐Hexane Extract of <i>Polyalthia suberosa</i> Leaves

Yasmen, Nelufar; Aziz, Md. Abdullah; Tajmim, Afsana; Akter, Mst. Irin; Hazra, Amit Kumar; Rahman, Shaikh Mizanur

doi:10.1155/2018/5617234

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this study, acute inflammation was evaluated using the xylene-induced ear oedema technique. Xylene is a chemical inflammatory trigger which causes release of inflammatory mediators including histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin [ 27 ]. Consequently, there is greater permeability in the vasculature with elevated vasodilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there is greater permeability in the vasculature with elevated vasodilation. The result is the accumulation of fluid at the inflamed/induced site observed in the xylene-induced ear oedema in mice [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A drug agent that is capable of inhibiting fluid accumulation in this technique is considered as having anti-inflammatory activity [ 27 ]. The results reported herein suggest remarkable anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of P. thonningii as evidenced by their ability to inhibit/reduce xylene-induced ear oedema in experimental mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.)

Olela

Mbaria

Wachira

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Inflammation and pain are devastating conditions characterizing many diseases. Their manifestation ranges from mild body discomfort, to a debilitating experience, which may culminate in organ failure or death. In conventional medicine, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and adjuvants are utilized to manage symptoms related to pain and inflammation. Despite their reported successes, these agents are only palliative, debatably inaccessible, unaffordable, and cause many undesirable side effects. As a result, the search for alternative and complementary therapies is warranted. Medicinal plants have been intensively utilized by humans for a long time to treat various ailments. In spite of their reported efficacies, empirical scientific data supporting their healing claims is scanty. P. thonningii (Schumach.) has been used in African traditional medicine, especially by traditional herbalists in Nigeria and Kenya, to treat conditions associated with inflammation. Even though analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and toxicity studies have been performed on leaf extracts, and some of their isolated compounds in Nigeria, there is scanty data supporting the use of stem bark extracts, which are commonly utilized in Kenya for pain, and inflammation management. Moreover, scientific data regarding safety and toxicity of the stem bark extracts of P. thonningii utilized in Kenya by traditional herbalists are inadequate. Based on this background, acute oral toxicity evaluation of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of P. thonningii, in Swiss albino mice, was performed according to the OECD/OCDE (2008) guidelines. Anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using the xylene-induced ear oedema in mice, whereas analgesic activities were examined following the acetic acid-induced writhing technique. The acute oral toxicity data was analyzed, and interpreted according to the OECDE (2008) guidelines. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities data were tabulated on MS Excel, and exported to GraphPad Prism (v8.3). Descriptive statistics were computed, and expressed as mean ± SEM. Thereafter, One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was performed. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the studied plant extracts had LD50 values > 2000 mg/kg bw, and were hence deemed to be nontoxic according to OECD/OCDE document no. 425. The results showed that the acetic acid-induced writhing frequency in mice administered the aqueous stem bark extract of P. thonningii, at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw, was not significantly different from that recorded for mice which received the reference drug (acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg) (p>0.05). Additionally, at all the studied extract doses, significantly lower acetic acid-induced writhing frequencies were recorded in mice that received the aqueous stem bark extract of P. thonningii, compared with the writhing frequencies in mice that received the methanolic extract of the same plant (p<0.05). On the other hand, the aqueous stem bark extract of P. thonningii, at doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw, and the methanolic stem bark extract of the same plant, at a dose level of 500 mg/kg bw, exhibited significantly higher percentage inhibitions of xylene-induced oedema than the percentage inhibitions shown by the reference drug (dexamethasone 1 mg/kg bw) (p<0.05). Generally, the aqueous stem bark extract of P. thonningii, at all the studied dose levels, caused significantly higher inhibitions of xylene-induced ear oedema in mice, compared with the percentage inhibitions shown by methanolic stem bark (p<0.05). Therefore, the aqueous, and methanolic stem bark extracts of P. thonningii, grown in Kenya, possess peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in Swiss albino mice. Hence, they have a potential of offering safe analgesic, and anti-inflammatory compounds. Further studies aimed at isolating, elucidating, and characterizing bioactive components from the studied extracts are recommended. Moreover, specific mode(s) through which these extracts exert the reported bioactivities should be established. Further toxicological investigations involving the studied plant extracts are encouraged to fully establish their safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.)

Olela

Mbaria

Wachira

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…But it brings a lot of discomfort and sufferings to the patients [1][2][3][4]. To manage the pain a wide varieties of analgesic like NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs), steroidal drugs as well as opioid analgesics are used which have various adverse effect such as liver damage, cardiovascular problems, renal failure, erectile dysfunction, manic depression, hypertension, cramps and dizziness, appearance of dormant diabetes, skin atrophy, decreased bone density, gastrointestinal tract ulcers, dependence, constipation and respiratory problems [5][6][7][8][9]. So, it's an important concern to the world to make sure a source of affordable alternative herbal based analgesic drugs with more potent as well as less adverse effect that may be acquired through medicinal plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of Lippia alba

Aziz¹,

Mehedi

Akter

et al. 2019

Clin Phytosci

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Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of different extracts of Lippia alba (L. alba) along with in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of the isolated compounds from L. alba against cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme and ADME/T analysis of isolated compounds. Method: In vivo analgesic activity of different extracts of L. alba was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate on Swiss albino mice of either sex. In silico activity of the isolated compounds and ADME/T analysis were performed by Schrödinger-Maestro (Version 10.1) and OSIRIS Data warrior (version 4.6.1) softwares. Results: Three different extracts (Methanolic extract: ME; Petroleum ether extract: PEE; Dichloromethane extract: DCME) of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses were used in the experiments to evaluate analgesic activity. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, significant results were seen for PEE (500 mg/kg) and DCME (500 mg/kg), which were 53.09 ± 2.87 & 50.09 ± 4.24%, respectively. In tail immersion test, the best latency time was found at + 60 min for PEE (500 mg/kg) which is (5.65 ± 0.25) sec. For hot plate test, DCME at a dose 500 mg/kg showed the highest increase in latency time, which was 13.48 ± 0.33 s. In the case of in silico evaluation of analgesic activity, the compounds such as geranial, neral, (E)caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, mussaenide, and 8-epi-loganin meet the condition of Lipinski's rule of five. Among these safe compounds, 8-epi-loganin showed the best docking score of − 8.17 kcal/mol against cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (PDB ID: 6COX), which was almost similar to that of the standard drug, Celecoxib (− 11.11 kcal/mol). Conclusion: In conclusion, L. alba can be a potent source of analgesic medicine and further modification and simulation studies are required to establish the effectiveness of 8-epi-loganin.

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“…Likewise, suberosol and triterpene were found in the leaves and stems of this plant [12]. Additionally, this plant showed a variety of activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-HIV, antibacterial, neuropharmacological and antioxidant [9][10][13][14][15][16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Laxative effect of the crude methanolic extract of Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites in mice

Aziz¹,

Yasmen²,

Akter³

2020

jrp

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Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites is traditionally used as abortifacient, laxative, febrifuge, analgesic, anti-HIV as well as filler's of tooth cavities. The present study was directed to evaluate laxative activity of the methanolic extract of Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites leaves (PSM). A variety of tests including laxative activity test, laxative activity on loperamide-induced constipation in mice and gastrointestinal motility test in mice were utilised to evaluate the laxative activity of PSM. PSM at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, expressed laxative activity in Swiss albino mice. Laxative effect of PSM evaluated by laxative activity test exposes that PSM possesses laxative activity at both doses. PSM also showed effectiveness against loperamide induced constipation. In addition, this extract produced significant intestinal transit (*P˂0.05 vs. control) at both doses. The results of this study provide support for the traditional use of Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites leaves as a laxative.

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Analgesic and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Diethyl Ether and n‐Hexane Extract of Polyalthia suberosa Leaves

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.)

Acute Oral Toxicity and Anti‐inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.)

In vivo and in silico evaluation of analgesic activity of Lippia alba

Laxative effect of the crude methanolic extract of Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites in mice

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