Analgesia in Pregnant Patients: A Literature Review

Abstract

Pregnant patients physiologically undergo various changes in their bodies due to hormonal actions. The oral cavity is not exempt from these alterations, and repercussions on oral health are also identified. It is essential to provide safe and appropriate dental care during pregnancy, taking into account the gestational trimester and the patient's overall health. Analgesia in pregnant patients remains a taboo for many professionals, especially for newly graduated dental surgeons. The use of local anesthetics in the office as a pain control method makes the procedure safer and more efficient. Regarding orally administered analgesics, acetaminophen is considered the first choice, with dipyrone as the second option. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and corticosteroids may be an option, but their use should be rationalized and when the benefits outweigh the risks to the maintenance of pregnancy and maternal health. The use of analgesia or reduction of the pain protocol in a pregnant patient in the office can be performed with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, as it is considered safe. However, certain anesthetics, such as benzocaine and procaine, should be avoided due to risks of methemoglobinemia. Nonetheless, the professional must always weigh the risks and benefits of using analgesic medications for the pregnant patient and the fetus when choosing the medication.